Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰeh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*ǵʰeh₂-^[1]

1. to yawn, gape

• *ǵʰh₂i-éh₂-ye-ti^[2]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źiā́ˀtei
    • Lithuanian: žióti
    • Proto-Slavic: *zijati (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *hiāō
    • Latin: hiō
• *ǵʰh₂i-nu-ti^[2]
  • Hittite: (kīnuzi ~ kinuu̯anzi, “to open up, break open”)
• *ǵʰh₂-néh₂-ti
  • Ancient Greek: χαίνω (khaínō)
  • Proto-Germanic: *ganāną (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵʰh₂-sḱéti ~ ǵʰh₂-sḱónti
  • Ancient Greek: χάσκω (kháskō)
• *ǵʰei-ǵʰh₂-oi- (reduplicated i-perfect)
  • Proto-Germanic: *gīgēn- (“to desire”)
    • English: gain
    • Old High German: (with nasal infix) gingēn (“to desire”)
    • Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gageigan, “to gain”)
• *ǵʰh₂ey-
  • *ǵʰi-né-h₂-ti ~ ǵʰi-n-h₂-énti (nasal infix present)^[2]
    • Proto-Germanic: *ginōną, *gīnaną (“to gape, yawn”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰh₂óy-u
    • Proto-Tocharian: *koy (“mouth”)^[3]
      • Tocharian A: koy-
      • Tocharian B: koyn
• *ǵʰh₂-bʰ-
  • Proto-Germanic: *gapōną (see there for further descendants)
• *ɡ́ʰéh₂-os ~ ɡʰéh₂-es-os
  • Ancient Greek: χάος (kháos)
• ɡ́eh₂-w-
• *ɡ́ʰéh₂w-mō ~ ɡ́ʰh₂w-m̥nés
  • Proto-Germanic: *gōmô (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *gagin (“towards, against”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *gaidwą (“lack, want”, noun) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *gailaz (“wanton”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian:
    • Tocharian B: kāyā (“to open wide, gape”)
  • →? Old Georgian: გემოჲ (gemoy, “palate, taste”) (or from Ancient Greek) (see there for further descendants)