Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰed-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

  • *bʰad-, *bʰād-
  • *bʰeHd-

Root

*bʰed-

  1. to improve, make better

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰed-‎ (3 c, 0 e)
  • *bʰód-e-ti (o-grade intensive)
    • Proto-Germanic: *bataną
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bataz (“good”, past participle) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batizô (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batnaną (“to get better”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *batô (“improvement, advantage”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtō (“improvement”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bōtijaną (“to improve”)(see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰed-ró-s
  • *bʰód-i-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *batiz (“better”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰod-ó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *bodos (“pleasure, satisfaction, good will”) (or *budā < *bʰudʰ-éh₂ < *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”))

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhā̆d-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 106
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*batiz”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bodo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 69-70
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 260-261
  5. ^ Koch, John (2004) “*budā-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bheudh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 151
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