Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰendʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*bʰendʰ-^[1][2]

1. to bind
2. bond

• *bʰéndʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *bindaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰándʰati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bándʰati
      • Sanskrit: बन्धति (bándhati) (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰondʰ-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Germanic: *bandijaną (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰandʰáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bandʰáyati
      • Sanskrit: बन्धयति (bandháyati)
    • Proto-Iranian: *bandáyati
      • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (bandaiiaⁱti)

• *bʰn̥dʰ-néh₂-ti
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadʰnáHti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *badʰnáHti
      • Sanskrit: बध्नाति (badhnā́ti)
        • Assamese: বান্ধা (bandha)

• *bʰondʰ-eh₂
  • Latin: funda (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰondʰ-i-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *bandiz (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰondʰ-ni-s
  • Proto-Italic: *fondnis
    • >? Latin: fūnis (“rope”) (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s (“bound, tied”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadᶻdʰás (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰn̥dʰ-tú-s (“bond, agreement, custom”)
  • Proto-Celtic: *banssus (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰn̥dʰ-ó-m
  • Proto-Germanic: *bundą (“bundle”) (see there for further descendants)

• *bʰn̥dʰ-yó-m
  • Proto-Germanic: *bundiją
    • Proto-West Germanic: *bundī
      • Frankish: *bunni
        • ⇒ Frankish: *obbunni
          • → Late Latin: abbonis, obbonis (“ribbon of a headdress”)
            • →? Basque:
              • → Spanish: boina (“beret”)
        • → Old French: bonet
          • Middle French: bonet
            • → Catalan: bonet (“(a historical type of) biretta; spindle fruit”)
            • → Middle English: bonet
              • English: bonnet
                • → Scottish Gaelic: bonaid
            • → Piedmontese: bonet (“bonnet, cap; rounded cake mold; bonet, a traditional pudding”)
              • → Italian: bonet (“bonet”)
            • →? Spanish: bonete (“biretta; cone hat”)
            • French: bonnet
              • → Portuguese: boné
              • → Spanish: bonete
              • → Turkish: bone
            • Jersey Norman: bannète

• Unsorted formations
  • Armenian
    • Old Armenian: պինդ (pind) (or borrowed from Iranian)
      • Armenian: պինդ (pind)
    • >? Old Armenian: պապանձիմ (papanjim)
      • Armenian: պապանձվել (papanjvel), պապանձել (papanjel)
  • Balto-Slavic
    • Lithuanian: beñdras
    • Polish: pęta
  • Proto-Celtic:
    • Old Irish: buinne
      • Irish: buinne
      • ⇒ Middle Irish: buinnén (“sprig, shoot”)
  • Hellenic
    • Ancient Greek: πεῖσμα (peîsma) (for *πένθσμα (*pénthsma))
    • Ancient Greek: πενθερός (pentherós)
      • Greek: πεθερός (petherós)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰándʰanam
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bándʰanam
      • Sanskrit: बन्धन (bandhana)
        • Hindi: बन्धन (bandhan)
          • → English: bandana (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰandʰas
    • Proto-Iranian: *bandah
      • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬀 m (banda)
      • Pashto: وندی (wandai)
      • Western Iranian
        • Zazaki: bend
        • Talysh: band
        • Old Persian: *𐎲𐎴𐎭 (*b-n-d /⁠*bandaʰ⁠/)
          • Persian: بند (band)
          • ⇒ Old Persian: 𐎲𐎠𐎭𐎲𐎴𐎭 (b-a-d-b-n-d /⁠bādubandaʰ⁠/)
            • Middle Persian: (/⁠bāhuβand⁠/)
              • → Old Armenian: բահուանդ (bahuand)
      • ⇒ Central Kurdish: بەستن (bestin)
      • ⇒ Persian: بستن (bastan)
      • → Georgian: ბანდი (bandi)
      • → Old Armenian: բանտ (bant), բանդ (band)
        • Armenian: բանտ (bant)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: -աւանդ (-awand)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: -աւանդակ (-awandak)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: մեհեւանդ (mehewand)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: կարաւանդք (karawandkʻ)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: պախճաւանդ (paxčawand)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: պարաւանդ (parawand)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: դանդանաւանդ (dandanawand)
      • →⇒ Old Armenian: շարաւանդ (šarawand)
      • → Proto-Permic: *bɔn
        • Komi:
          • Komi-Permyak: бон (bon)
          • Komi-Zyrian: бон (bon)
        • Udmurt: бун (bun)
  • Italic:
    • Latin: *fendīx
      • ⇒ Latin: offendīx

• Sanskrit: बन्ध् (bandh)