Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ludʰét

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Thematic root aorist of *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow, climb”).

Verb

*h₁ludʰét (perfective)^[1]^[2]

to arrive

Inflection

Perfective, thematic, active only
3rd singular	*h₁ludʰét
3rd plural	*h₁ludʰónt
Active voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*h₁ludʰóm	—	*h₁ludʰṓh₂	*h₁ludʰóyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*h₁ludʰés	*h₁ludʰé	*h₁ludʰḗsi	*h₁ludʰóys
3rd singular	*h₁ludʰét	*h₁ludʰétu	*h₁ludʰḗti	*h₁ludʰóyt
1st dual	*h₁ludʰówe	—	*h₁ludʰṓwos	*h₁ludʰóywe
2nd dual	*h₁ludʰétom	*h₁ludʰétom	*h₁ludʰḗtes	*h₁ludʰóytom
3rd dual	*h₁ludʰétām	*h₁ludʰétām	*h₁ludʰḗtes	*h₁ludʰóytām
1st plural	*h₁ludʰóme	—	*h₁ludʰṓmos	*h₁ludʰóyme
2nd plural	*h₁ludʰéte	*h₁ludʰéte	*h₁ludʰḗte	*h₁ludʰóyte
3rd plural	*h₁ludʰónt	*h₁ludʰóntu	*h₁ludʰṓnti	*h₁ludʰóyh₁n̥t

Participle	*h₁ludʰónts

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *ludet^[3]
- Old Irish: luid
Proto-Hellenic: *ḗlutʰe
- Ancient Greek: ἤλυθε (ḗluthe), ἤλυθον (ḗluthon), ἦλθον (êlthon) (< syncope)
Proto-Tocharian: *lŭt-^[4]
- Tocharian A: lät-
- Tocharian B: lät-

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29
^ Matasović, Ranko (2017) “Part 2: Proto-Indo-European and language typology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 169
^ Kortlandt, Frederik (2007) Italo-Celtic Origins and Prehistoric Development of the Irish Language (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 14), Leiden: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 100
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “lät-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 598-599

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 29

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2017) “Part 2: Proto-Indo-European and language typology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 169

[3] Kortlandt, Frederik (2007) Italo-Celtic Origins and Prehistoric Development of the Irish Language (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 14), Leiden: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 100

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “lät-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 598-599

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