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Sometimes (more traditionally) hypothesized to be its own root *Hem- in o-grade, though this does not easily account for the lengthened grades. Contrarily, reconstructions with a coda laryngeal struggle to explain the reflexes with a short root vowel, but these may be explained either as dialectal pretonic shortening (Dybo's law) or as deletion of the second laryngeal in the cluster, both of which are controversial as sound laws. The values of both laryngeals remain uncertain.
Kroonen, comparing this set with Proto-Germanic*ēmǭ(“erysipelas”), reconstructs the root alternatively as *h₁eh₁-(“raw, reddish (of skin)”) with derivatives *h₁éh₁-mon- and *h₁oh₁-mó-.
Derived terms
*h₂h₃m-ro-(“sour, bitter; sorrel?”)(or thematicized from *h₂éh₃-mr-)
>? Proto-Germanic: *ampraz(with epenthetic *b > *p) (see there for further descendants)
↑ 4.04.14.24.3Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὠμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1680: “IE *HeHmo- ‘raw’ […] The word probably represents *h₃eHmos or *h₂eh₃mos”
↑ 5.05.1Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “hum”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 421–422: “One reconstructs PIE *h₂eh₃-mo- or *h₃eH-mo-”
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “? *Hem- 'roh; bitter (?)'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 202–204: “? *H(e/o)m-ro-”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ampra/ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25: “nom. *h₂ém-ōl, gen. *h₂m-l-ós”