Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kágʰr̥

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

From *kagʰ- (“to hold, enclose”) +‎ *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix).

*kágʰr̥ n

1. enclosure
2. hedge

Older acrostatic pattern:

Later proterokinetic pattern:

• ⇒? *kágʰ-ō ~ *kagʰ-n-és
  • Proto-Germanic: *hagô (“enclosure, pasture; hedge, shrub”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? *hakkją (from the presumed genitive *hakkaz)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *hakki, ⇒? *hakkī, *hakkju (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒? *kagʰ-nó-s, *kagʰ-nó-m
    • ⇒? Proto-Armenian: (with a prefix)
      • Old Armenian: ցանգ (cʻang), ցանկ (cʻank, “hedge, fence”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *kagnā (< collective(?) *kagʰ-néh₂)
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kaɨn
        • Welsh: caen
    • Proto-Germanic: *hagnaz
      • >? Proto-West Germanic: *hagn
        • Middle Dutch: haghen (“fencing”)
        • Old High German: hagan (“briar”)
• ⇒? *kagʰ-ró-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *kagros (“enclosure; fort”)
    • Proto-Brythonic: *kaɨr
      • Middle Breton: ker
      • Cornish: caer
      • Middle Welsh: cair
        • Welsh: caer