Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sokʷh₂ṓy

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *sekʷ- (“to follow”) +‎ *-éh₂ (action noun suffix) +‎ *-ṓy (animate deverbal/denominal suffix).

    Noun

    *sokʷh₂ṓy m[1][2]

    1. follower in one's retinue

    Inflection

    Athematic, hysterokinetic
    singular
    nominative *sokʷh₂ṓy
    genitive *sokʷh₂yés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *sokʷh₂ṓy *sokʷh₂óyh₁(e) *sokʷh₂óyes
    vocative *sokʷh₂óy *sokʷh₂óyh₁(e) *sokʷh₂óyes
    accusative *sokʷh₂ṓm *sokʷh₂óyh₁(e) *sokʷh₂óym̥s
    genitive *sokʷh₂yés *? *sokʷh₂yóHom
    ablative *sokʷh₂yés *? *sokʷh₂imós, *sokʷh₂ibʰós
    dative *sokʷh₂yéy *? *sokʷh₂imós, *sokʷh₂ibʰós
    locative *sokʷh₂óy, *sokʷh₂ṓy *? *sokʷh₂isú
    instrumental *sokʷh₂yéh₁ *? *sokʷh₂imís, *sokʷh₂ibʰís

    Derived terms

    • *sm̥-sokʷh₂yé-yeti
      • Ancient Greek: ἀοσσέω (aosséō, “to help”)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Germanic: *sagjaz (“retainer, warrior”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sákʰā (“friend, companion”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *sokjos
      • Old Latin: sokios (“sharing, joining, allied”)
        • Latin: socius (“sharing, joining, allied”)
      • Faliscan: 𐌔𐌏𐌂𐌉𐌀𐌉 (sociai, “female companion, girlfriend”, dat. sg. f. and voc. pl. f.)

    References

    1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*sagja- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420
    2. ^ Yates, Anthony D. (2019) “Suffixal* o-vocalism without “amphikinesis:” On Proto-Indo-European*–oi-stems and ablaut as a diagnostic for word stress”, in David M. Goldstein, Stephanie W. Jamison, and Brent Vine, editors, Proceedings of the 30th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference
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