Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) +‎ *-tis (abstract or action suffix).

The reconstruction of the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:

Matasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regularly becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly would not.

The LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this proposal.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Noun

*wéh₁itis f

  1. that which twines or bends
  2. branch, switch

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *wéh₁itis
genitive *uh₁itéys
singular dual plural
nominative *wéh₁itis *wéh₁itih₁(e) *wéh₁iteyes
vocative *wéh₁iti *wéh₁itih₁(e) *wéh₁iteyes
accusative *wéh₁itim *wéh₁itih₁(e) *wéh₁itims
genitive *uh₁itéys *? *uh₁itéyoHom
ablative *uh₁itéys *? *uh₁itímos, *uh₁itíbʰos
dative *uh₁itéyey *? *uh₁itímos, *uh₁itíbʰos
locative *uh₁itéy, *uh₁itḗy *? *uh₁itísu
instrumental *uh₁itíh₁ *? *uh₁itímis, *uh₁itíbʰis

Descendants

(From generalized zero-grade *uh₁ítis)

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis[2][3]
  • Proto-Celtic: *weitis[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz
  • Proto-Italic: *wītis [8]
  • Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)[9]

Unsorted formations:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἴτυς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 605
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “523”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “vytis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 508
  4. ^ “§6.42. i- and u- stems” in Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, pages 112–113.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wēti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 418
  6. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯i̯eh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 695
  7. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vieō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 677
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vītis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 683-684
  9. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἰτέα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 604
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 211–212
  11. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 578f
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