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See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wer-
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*werh₁- (perfective)[1]
Extensions
- *wer-dʰh₁- (laryngeal deleted per the Lex Schmidt–Hackstein rule)[2]
- ⇒ *werdʰh₁om
- Proto-Hellenic: *wértʰō
- Ancient Greek: ἔρθει (érthei, “utters”, 3s.act.ind.pres.)
- *werh₁-i-dʰh₁-e-ti[3][4][5]
- >? Proto-Anatolian: *wer(H)idʔeti (or from *wer- (“to heed”))
- Hittite: 𒌑𒂊𒊑𒋾𒄑𒍣 (ú-e-ri-ti-iz-zi /u̯eritit͡si/, “fears, is frightened”, 3sg.pres.act.)
- >? Proto-Anatolian: *wer(H)idʔeti (or from *wer- (“to heed”))
Derived terms
- *wérh₁-t ~ *wr̥h₁-ént (athematic root aorist)[6]
- *wér-ye-ti (ye-present)
- *wer-yeh₂
- *wr̥h₁-tós
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ῥητός (rhētós)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:
- Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Germanic: *wrōgijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wratám (“pledge, vow”)
Root
*werh₁-
- Alternate reconstruction of *wreh₁-
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯erh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 689-690
- ^ Hackstein, Olav (2002) “Uridg. *CH.CC > *C.CC”, in Historische Sprachforschung (in German), volume 115, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISSN, page 14 of 1–22
- ^ Oettinger, Norbert (2001) “Hethitisch -ima- oder: Wie ein Suffix affektiv werden kann”, in G. Wilhelm, editor, Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie, Würzburg, 4.-8. Oktober 1999 (Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten), volume 45, page 467
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯erite-zi / u̯erit-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1003–1004
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “verbum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 664–665
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “u̯er(ii̯e/a)-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1159-1160