Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hr̥tás

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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (to fit; fix; put together) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjective suffix); literally “that which is put together/in order”.

Noun

*Hr̥tás m

  1. truth
    Antonym: *dʰráwgʰas
  2. order, law
  3. rectitude

Declension

masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hr̥tás *Hr̥tā́ *Hr̥tā́, -ā́s(as)
vocative *Hr̥ta *Hr̥tā́ *Hr̥tā́, -ā́s(as)
accusative *Hr̥tám *Hr̥tā́ *Hr̥tā́ns
instrumental *Hr̥tā́ *Hr̥táybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *Hr̥tā́yš
ablative *Hr̥tā́t *Hr̥táybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *Hr̥táybʰyas
dative *Hr̥tā́y *Hr̥táybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām *Hr̥táybʰyas
genitive *Hr̥tásya *Hr̥táyās *Hr̥tā́na(H)m
locative *Hr̥táy *Hr̥táyaw *Hr̥táyšu

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tás
    • Sanskrit: ऋत (ṛtá, right, proper; law) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥táh
    • Avestan:
      • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a~arta) (← substantivized *Hŕ̥tam), -𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (-arəta)
      • Younger Avestan: -𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (-ərəta)
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫡𐫤 (ʾrt /⁠art⁠/, aether, air)
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /⁠arta⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠ard⁠/, Ard, a goddess; 25th day of Persian calendar)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫡𐫅 (ʾyrd)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭫𐭲𐭩 (ʾlty)
        Book Pahlavi script: (ʾlt')