Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/máHtā

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From earlier *máHtār, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.

*máHtā f

1. mother

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máHtā
  • Sanskrit: मातृ (mā́tṛ, mātṛ́)
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      • Assamese: মা (ma), মাও (maü)
      • Bengali: মা (ma)
      • Sylheti: ꠝꠣ (ma)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀤𑀸 (mādā)
      • Gujarati: મા (mā)
      • Hindi: माँ (mā̃), मैया (maiyā), माऊ (māū)
      • Punjabi: ਮਾਂ (mā̃)
      • Urdu: ماں (mā̃)
    • → Telugu: మాత (māta)
• Proto-Iranian: *máHtā
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬨𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭 (mātar)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Digor Ossetian: мадӕ (madæ)
    • Iron Ossetian: мад (mad)
    • Sogdo-Bacterian:
      • Bactrian: μαδο (mado)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: (/⁠māt⁠/)

          Manichaean script: (mʾt)

          Sogdian script: (mʾth)

          Syriac script: (mʾt), (mʾth)

  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: مور (mor), مېر (mer)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Shughni: (mad)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: مات (mát)
    • Kurdish:

      Northern Kurdish: mak, marî

      Central Kurdish: ماک (mak)

      Southern Kurdish: ماێەر (maÿer) (perhaps influenced by Median or Old Azari)

    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Caspian:
        • Gilaki: مر (mar), مار (mār)
        • Old Mazanderani: مار (mār)
          • Mazanderani: مار (mār)
        • Gorgani مار (mār)
      • Old Median:
        • Kermanic:
          • Zoroastrian Dari: مذر (mozer), مار (mâr)
        • Proto-Tatic:
          • Talysh:

            Arabic script: ما (mā), موئه (mua)

            Latin script: ma (mā), mua

          • Old Tati:

            Old Azari: مادر (mādar)

            • Eshtehardi: مار (mār)
            • Ramandi: مایه (māya)
      • Parthian: (/⁠māδ(ar)⁠/)

        Manichaean script: (mʾd), (mʾdr)

      • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
        • Gurani: ماما (māmā, “grand mother”)
        • Zazaki: may, mayer
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 (m-a-t-a /⁠mātā⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠mād(ar)⁠/)

        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭠𐭲𐭥 (mʾtʿ)

        Manichaean script: (mʾd), (mʾdr)

        • Persian: مادر (mâdar)
          • → Urdu: مادر (mādar)
          • → Hindi: मादर (mādar)