مر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar.ra/

Verb

مَرَّ • (marra) I, non-past يَمُرُّ‎ (yamurru)

1. to pass, to elapse, to go by, to cross

Conjugation

Derived terms

• مَرَّ مُرُورَ الْكِرَامِ (marra murūra l-kirāmi)

Verb

مَرَّ • (marra) I, non-past يَمَرُّ‎ (yamarru), first-person past مَرِرْتُ (marirtu)

1. to be bitter

Conjugation

Noun

مَرّ • (marr) m

1. passing, passage, going by, transit

Declension

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Aramaic מרא / ܡܪܐ (marrā, “shovel”), from Akkadian 𒄑𒈥 (GEŠ-MAR /⁠marru⁠/).

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

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Noun

مَرّ • (marr) m (plural مُرُور (murūr))

1. shovel, spade

Declension

Etymology 3

Compare Hebrew מַר (mar), Classical Syriac ܡܪܝܪܐ (marrīrā), Akkadian 𒋀 (marru), and Ugaritic 𐎎𐎗 (mr).

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

مُرّ • (murr) (feminine مُرَّة (murra), masculine plural أَمْرَار (ʔamrār), feminine plural مَرَائِر (marāʔir), elative أَمَرّ (ʔamarr))

1. bitter
2. severe
3. sharp
4. painful

Declension

Descendants

• Maltese: morr
• → Azerbaijani: mürr
• → Ottoman Turkish: مر (murr)
  • →⇒ Armenian: մռու (mṙu)
• → Persian: مر (morr)

Noun

مُرّ • (murr) m (plural أَمْرَار (ʔamrār))

1. myrrh, the dried sap of Commiphora myrrha

Declension

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: մուռ (muṙ)

Noun

مُرّ • (murr) m (collective, singulative مُرَّة f (murra))

1. myrrh, the plant Commiphora myrrha
2. (obsolete) dandelion (Taraxacum officinale sensu lato)

Declension

Etymology 4

Verb

مُرْ • (mur) (form I)

1. second-person masculine singular active imperative of أَمَرَ (ʔamara)
2. second-person masculine singular active imperative of أَمُرَ (ʔamura)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “مر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 576
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 86
• Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 70
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “مر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 2699 seqq.
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “مر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, pages 979–980
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “مر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 1056 seqq.
• Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 41

Central Kurdish

Noun

مر (mir)

1. hen

Derived terms

• مامر (mamir)
• مراوی (mrawî)
• مریشک (mrîşk)

Gilaki

Noun

مر (mar)

1. mother

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic مُرّ (murr).

Adjective

مر • (murr, mürr)

1. bitter

Descendants

• →⇒ Armenian: մռու (mṙu)

Noun

مر • (murr, mürr)

1. bitterness
2. myrrh

Descendants

• →? Armenian: մուռ (muṙ)

Further reading

• Karapetean, Petros Zēkʻi (1912) “مر”, in Mec baṙaran ōsmanerēnē hayerēn [Great Ottoman–Armenian Dictionary], Constantinople: Aršak Karōean, page 776b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “مر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1143b
• Pōzačean, Yakovbos (1841) “միւրր”, in Hamaṙōt baṙaran i tačkakanē i hay [Concise Ottoman–Armenian Dictionary]‎, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, page 648a

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian (ml /⁠mar⁠/, “number; account; class”).

Pronunciation

Particle

مر • (mar)

1. (Classical Persian, obsolete) Occurs before a word or phrase followed by را (râ), the accusative-dative-genitive marker.

   مرین مرد را گفتم. (obsolete)

   mar în mard râ guftam.

   I told this man.

   • c. 1080, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, “Qaṣīda 4”, in دیوان ناصرخسرو [Dīvān of Nāṣir-i Khusraw]‎:

     سلام کن ز من ای باد مر خراسان را
     مر اهل فضل و خرد را نه عام نادان را

     salām kun zi man ay bād mar xurāsān rā
     mar ahl-i fazl u xirad rā na āmm-i nādān rā

     O wind, send my greetings to Khurāsān,
     To its wise and excellent men, not to the ignorant masses.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   1. Used redundantly with را, with no additional meaning.
   2. that very, only; used with a restrictive sense.
   3. Used to denote that را is being used for an indirect object, especially in later usage when را became increasingly associated with the direct object.
2. (obsolete) In later texts, sometimes used without را simply for archaic effect, without any semantic meaning.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic مُرّ (murr).

Pronunciation

Noun

مر • (morr)

1. myrrh

Adjective

مر • (morr)

1. (archaic, rare) bitter

   Synonym: تلخ (talx)

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 344:

     گفت ای شه گوش و دستم را ببر
     بینی‌‌ام بشکاف و لب در حکم مر

     guft ay šah gūš u dast-am rā biburr
     bīnī-am biškāf u lab dar hukm-i murr

     “O king,” said he, “cut off my ears and hands, rip my nose and lips by bitter decree.”

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moɾ/

Noun

مر • (mor)

1. (Herat) Dialectal form of مار (mâr, “snake”)

References

• Agnès Lenepveu-Hotz (2018) “Specialization of an ancient object marker in the New Persian of the fifteenth century”, in Alireza Korangy, Corey Miller, editors, Trends in Iranian and Persian Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN, pages 81–101

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic مَرَّ (marra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /marr/,

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

مرّ • (marr) I (present بمرّ (bimorr))

1. to pass, to pass by
2. to undergo

Conjugation

Etymology 2

From Arabic مُرّ (murr).

Adjective

مرّ • (murr) (feminine مرّة (murra))

1. bitter

See also

Basic tastes in South Levantine Arabic · طعم (ṭaʕm), ذوق (zōʕ) (layout · text)
حلو (ḥilu)	حامض (ḥāmeḍ)	مالح (māleḥ)	مرّ (murr)	حارّ (ḥārr)	-