Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sárwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From earlier *sárHwas, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂-wós, from *solh₂- (“whole”).

Adjective

*sárwas

all
entire, whole

Synonyms

*wíćwas

Derived terms

Proto-Iranian: *hárwa-wícwah
- Khotanese: (harbiśśa)
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀. 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (ha^uruua. vīspa)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠harwisp⁠/, “all, every; everyone”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (hrwysp)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: (KRAwsp), (hlwsp'), (hlwst')
    
    Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮉𐮅𐮀𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (KRAwspy)
    - Classical Persian: هروسف (harwisf) (only in Zoroastrian texts)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sárwas
- Sanskrit: सर्व (sárva)
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
    - Awadhi: सब (sab)
  - Dardic:
    - Grangali: (ṣōka)
    - Kalami: (sō), (sūo)
    - Khowar: سف (saf)
    - Shumashti: (šauke)
    - Torwali: سوو (sōw)
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Sinhalese: සව (sawa), හව (hawa)
  - Kholosi: sāf
  - Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
    - Assamese: সব (xobo)
    - Bengali: সব (śob)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: सभ (sabh)
      - Maithili: सब (sab), सभ (sabh)
    - Odia: ସବୋ (sôbo)
  - Pali: sabba
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑁆𑀯 (savva)
    - Garhwali: सब (sab)
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: सब (sab)
      Urdu: سب (sab)
    - Kumaoni: सब (sab)
    - Nepali: सब (sab)
    - Old Gujarati: सव (sava)
      - Gujarati: સહુ (sahu), સૌ (sau), સવ (sav)
    - Punjabi: ਸਭ (sabh)
    - Romani: savoro, saro
    - Sindhi: सभु (sabhu)
Proto-Iranian: *hárwah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (ha^uruua, “whole, each”)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Ossetian: ӕли (æli)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: هر (har)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: هەر (har)
    
    Northern Kurdish: her (har)
    
    Southern Kurdish: هەر (har)
    
    Laki: هەر (har)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Caspian
      - Gilaki: هر (har), ار (ar)
      - Mazanderani: هر (har)
    - Parthian: (/⁠harw⁠/)
      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭊𐭓𐭀 (KRA)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw)
    - Zaza-Gurani:
      - Gurani: هەر (har)
      - Zazaki: her (har)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐏃𐎽𐎺 (h-ru-v /⁠haruva⁠/)
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠harw⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇 (hrw)
      
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭪𐭥𐭠 (KRA)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: (KRA), (hl)
      
      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮉𐮅𐮀 (KRA)
      
      Pazend script: 𐬵𐬀𐬭 (har)
      - Persian: هر (har, “each”)
        → Azerbaijani: hər / هر
        → Bashkir: һәр (hər)
        → Gujarati: હર (har)
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: हर (har)
        Urdu: ہر (har)
        → Kazakh: әр (är)
        → Kyrgyz: ар (ar)
        → Ottoman Turkish: هر (her)
        Turkish: her
        → Southern Altai: ар (ar)
        → Tatar: här
        → Turkmen: her
        → Uzbek: har
Proto-Nuristani: *súwwa
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: sṹdi
    
    Kativiri: súv
  - Prasuni: sučók
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: sëvā́k
  - Tregami: sastok
  - Waigali: söv

References

Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎, Brill, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sárva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sárwas

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