Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaytáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwaytás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-.

Adjective

*cwaytáh

white
bright

Derived terms

*cwaytakah
- Khwarezmian: (spydy̆k)
- Sogdian: (ʾspʾytʾk), (ʾspʾytʾk), (ʾsp(ʾ)ytk), ((ʾ)spʾytk), ((ʾ)spʾyty), (spyṯy /⁠^ɨspḗt(ē̆)⁠/)
- Yagnobi: (sⁱpḗta)
- → Middle Persian: (spytk' /⁠spēdag⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: سپیده (sapēda), سفیده (safêda)
    Iranian Persian: سپیده (sepide), سفیده (sefide)
- → Old Armenian: սպիտակ (spitak)
- → Old Georgian: სპეტაკი (sṗeṭaḳi)
- → Arabic: سِبِيدَاج (sibīdāj), إِسْبِيدَاج (ʔisbīdāj), أَسْبِيدَاج (ʔasbīdāj), إِسْبِدَاج (ʔisbidāj), إِسْفِيدَاج (ʔisfīdāj), إِسْفِيذَاج (ʔisfīḏāj), سِبِيذَاج (sibīḏāj), أَسْفِيدَاج (ʔasfīdāj), أَسْفِيذَاج (ʔasfīḏāj)
- → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִסְפִּדַכָא / אִסְפִּידַכָא (ʾəspīḏaḵā)
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܕܟܐ / ܐܣܦܝܕܟܐ (ʾəspīḏaḵā), ܣܦܕܟܐ / ܣܦܝܕܟܐ (spīḏaḵā), ܣܦܝܕܓܐ (spīḏaġā)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: (śśīta), (śśīya)
- Sogdian: (ʾspʾyt)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: (safed)
- Pashto: سپين (spin)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Munji: (spī)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni: сафед (safēd)
    - Yazghulami: сәпид (səpid)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: spî, sipî
  
  Central Kurdish: سپی (spî)
  
  Southern Kurdish: سپید (spîd)
  
  Laki: ئسپێ (spê)
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Middle Median: *spēt
    - Proto-Tatic:
      - Alviri-Vidari: ایسبی (isbi), ایسپی (ispi)
      - Harzani: اسبی (esbī)
    - → Old Armenian: սպետ (spet), սպիտ (spit)
      - → Old Georgian: სპეტი (sṗeṭi)
  - Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅 (ʿspyd /⁠ispēd⁠/)
    - → Middle Persian: (/⁠spēd, ispēd⁠/)
      Book Pahlavi script: (spyt')
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫏𐫅 (ʿspyd)
      - Bakhtiari: اسپید (espēð)
      - Classical Persian: سپید (sapēd), اسپید (espêd), سفید (safêd), اسفید (esfêd)
        Hazaragi: سفیت (safít)
        
        Iranian Persian: سفید (sefid)
        
        Sistani: سفی (sfê)
        
        Tajik: сафед (safed)
        
        → Hindustani:
        Hindi: सफ़ेद (safed)
        
        Urdu: سفید
        
        → Old Punjabi: ਸੁਪੇਦੁ (supedu)
        Punjabi:
        Gurmukhi script: ਸਫ਼ੈਦ (safaid)
        Shahmukhi script: سَفَید (safaid)
  - Zazaki: sipî, spî

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 205