Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hižwáHkaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *hižwáH +‎ *-kaH.

Noun

*hižwáHkaH f^[1]^[2]

tongue

Inflection

aH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*hižwáHkaH	*hižwáHkay	*hižwáHkāh
vocative	*hižwáHkay	*hižwáHkay	*hižwáHkāh
accusative	*hižwáHkām	*hižwáHkay	*hižwáHkāh
instrumental	*hižwáHkayaH	*hižwáHkaHbyā	*hižwáHkaHbiš
ablative	*hižwáHkayaHh	*hižwáHkaHbyā	*hižwáHkaHbyah
dative	*hižwáHkayaHy	*hižwáHkaHbyā	*hižwáHkaHbyah
genitive	*hižwáHkayaHh	*hižwáHkāyāh	*hižwáHkaHnām
locative	*hižwáHkayaH	*hižwáHkāyaw	*hižwáHkaHsu

Descendants

Northeastern
- Ossetian: ӕвзаг (ævzag)
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
  - Khotanese: (biśā /⁠βiźā⁠/)
  - Wakhi: zik, zīk
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: εζϐαγο (ezbago /⁠əzβāg⁠/)
  - Khwarezmian: زڤاک (zᵘβ’k /⁠zuβā́g⁠/), ازڤاک (’zβ’k /⁠əzβā́g⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic: *hizβā́kā
    - Sogdian: (/zβāk, ᵊzβāk/}
      Buddhist: (zβʾk), (ʾzβʾʾk)
      Christian: ܙܒܐܩ (zβʾq)
      Manichaean: 𐫉𐫂𐫀𐫐 (zβʾk)
    - Yagnobi: зивок (zⁱvṓk)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Pathan:
  - Pashto: ژبه (žë́ba), جبه (jë́ba), زبه (zë́ba), ژېبه (žébá), ژبه (žəbba) (Waziri)
  - Waneci: (zbə), (zibə), (zəbō)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: (zvůk), (zьvůk)
  - Sanglechi: (zəvū̆k)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: (zəvī́γ), (zəvū́g)
    - Yidgha: (zᵊvīγ), (zɪbēγ)
  - Yazghulami: звег (zveg), зәвег (zəveg)

References

^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) “Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry”, in Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 179

[1] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) “Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry”, in Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley

[Novák-2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 179

[1]

[2]