Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/didō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from *deh₃- (“to give”).
Verb
*didō first-singular present indicative
- to give
Inflection
| Inflection of *didō (athematic) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *didō | |
| Perfect | *dedō | |
| Aorist | *dōm | |
| Past participle | *datos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *didō | *didōr |
| 2nd sing. | *didas | *didazo |
| 3rd sing. | *didat | *didator |
| 1st plur. | *didomos | *didomor |
| 2nd plur. | *didates | — |
| 3rd plur. | *didont | *didontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *didām | *didār |
| 2nd sing. | *didās | *didāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *didād | *didātor |
| 1st plur. | *didāmos | *didāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *didātes | — |
| 3rd plur. | *didānd | *didāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *dedō | |
| 2nd sing. | *dedōtai | |
| 3rd sing. | *dedō | |
| 1st plur. | *dedame? | |
| 2nd plur. | *dede? | |
| 3rd plur. | *dedēri | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *dōm | |
| 2nd sing. | *dōs | |
| 3rd sing. | *dōd | |
| 1st plur. | *dame | |
| 2nd plur. | *date | |
| 3rd plur. | *dand | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *dō | *dazo |
| 2nd plur. | *date | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *datōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *didants | *datos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *datum | *didazi | |
Reconstruction notes
On the basis of Sabellic forms such as Vestinian didet, the linguist Gerhard Meiser proposed that the laryngeal reflex /a/ in the final syllable was replaced by the thematic vowel /e/ by the time of Proto-Italic, reconstructing a form *di-de-ti- from *didati. The linguist Dag Haug argues that this is unlikely as it would require present forms such as *didat to be replaced by forms such as *didet, complicating their eventual evolution into Latin present forms such as dat. Although this could be explained if Latin continued the aorist forms, Haug considers this unlikely as the reduplicated present form surfaces in Latin terms such as reddō. Instead, Haug explains the Sabellic forms as originating from a sound shift restricted to the Sabellic languages.
Descendants
- Latino-Faliscan:
- Sabellic:
- Venetic: doto
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Haug, Dag (2004-12-16) “On unaccented short vowels in Sabellian and the morphology of the Italic 2nd conjugation”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 109, number 2004 (quotation in English; overall work in English), , →ISSN, pages 235–249