Reconstruction:Proto-Mon-Khmer/ruŋ

This Proto-Mon-Khmer entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Although the label of Proto-Mon-Khmer has mostly been abandoned or rejected, this reconstruction, which sourced from Shorto (2006)'s reconstruction for Proto-Mon-Khmer, currently does not have an appropriate Proto-Austroasiatic reconstruction. This reconstruction therefore should not be taken at face value as a state-of-the-art reconstruction for Proto-Austroasiatic, but instead ought to be treated as a valid cognate set.

• Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ruŋ ~ *ruuŋ ~ *ruəŋ (Shorto, 2006)

*ruŋ

1. river, channel

• → Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, valley”)
  • Old Chinese: 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”) and possibly 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ, “valley”)

    derivate: 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”)

    → Vietnamese: giang (“river”)

  • Written Tibetan: ལྗོངས (ljongs, “valley”), ཀླུང་མ (klung ma, “river, stream”), ལུང་པ (lung pa, “river”)
  • Burmese: ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream, brook, creek”)
  • Tavoyan: ခ္လောင်း (“stream, brook, crekk”)
• Proto-Bahnaric: *k-rɔɔŋ ("river") (Sidwell, 2011)
  • North Bahnaric
    • Halang: kroang (/krɔaŋ/, “river”)
  • Central Bahnaric
    • Bahnar: klŏng (/klɔŋ/, “deep water in river or sea”)
  • South Bahnaric
    • Sre-Mnong
      • Sre: klong (/kloŋ/, “water-hole”)
      • Mnong: krông (/kroːŋ/, “river”)
• Proto-Katuic: *rɔɔŋ (“river, stream”) (Sidwell, 2005)
  • Eastern Katu: k'ruung
  • Pacoh: cruông (/kruəŋ/, “river valley”)
• Khmeric
  • Old Khmer: *gloṅ, *ghloṅ (“passage, way; waterway”)

    → Thai: คลอง (klɔɔng, “passage”)

    • Modern Khmer: គន្លង (kŭənlɔɔng, “track, trail, way”) (< Old Khmer ganloṅ)
• Monic: *krooŋ ("river, stream, creek") (Diffloth, 1984)
  • Mon: ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “river”)
• Proto-Palaungic: *rɔŋ (“river valley”) (Sidwell, 2010)
  • Waic: *klɔŋ (Diffloth, 1980)
    • Wa: klawng (/klɔŋ/, “river”)
• Pearic
  • Chong: /kʰrɑːŋ/
• Proto-Vietic: *k-roːŋ (Ferlus, 2007) (?)

  → Eastern Cham: krăwng (/krɔŋ/, “river”)

  → Acehnese: kruëng (“river”)

  • Vietnamese: sông
  • Muong: không (/kʰoːŋ¹/, “river”)
• >? Old Javanese: lwah (“river”)
  • > Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦃ (loh) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬮᬸᬯᬄ (luah)
  • → Indonesian: luah (learned)

• Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ruŋ ~ *ruuŋ ~ *ruəŋ (Shorto, 2006)

*ruŋ

1. to fall, to drop off

• Bahnaric:
  • Bahnar: rŭng
  • Koho: rung
• Proto-Vietic: *ruŋʔ (Ferlus, 2007)
  • Vietnamese: rụng