Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕapar-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Noun
*ʕapar- m
Inflection
Declension of *ʕapar-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ʕaparum | *ʕaparāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ʕaparim | *ʕaparayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ʕaparam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ʕaparī / *ʕaparVya | — | *ʕaparVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ʕaparVka | *ʕaparVkumā / *ʕaparVkumay | *ʕaparVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ʕaparVki | *ʕaparVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ʕaparVšu | *ʕaparVšumā / *ʕaparVšumay | *ʕaparVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ʕaparVša | *ʕaparVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaparuya for nom. case, *ʕapariya for gen. case, *ʕaparaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʕapar-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʕapar-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒅖 (eperum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: عَفَر (ʕafar) (possibly borrowed from Ancient North Arabian)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: ʾōfər (“red”)
- Hobyót: ʾóofər (“red”)
- Shehri: ʿɔ́fər (“red”)
- Soqotri: ʿáfer (“red”)
- Harsusi: ʾáfer (“red”)
- Central Semitic:
References
- Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 189