Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/b-ras

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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-ras (Matisoff, STEDT)

A connection between this root and Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas (husked rice) has been proposed (Sagart, 2002; Matisoff, STEDT), compare for instance Amis felac, Malay beras, Tagalog bigas, Malagasy vary, Chamorro pugas and Kelabit bera. Moreover, Burushaski bras (rice) may be a borrowed from a Sino-Tibetan language. Ferlus (2010) proposes an Austroasiatic origin & reconstructs putative root *C.rac, a nominal derivation from the verb *rac "to pull, to tear off, to reap". Still, Sagart (2011) deems Ferlus' supporting evidence for the reconstruction to be "flimsy". Also compare Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhi) and Proto-Dravidian *wariñci which might have come from the same Austroasiatic source or cognates.

The most probable Chinese comparanda are (OC *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd, “grain of rice”) and (OC *breːs, “polished rice”). The second one is sometimes compared with Khmer បាយ (baay, cooked rice; to eat). Benedict (1975) also relates Tibetan འབྲས་བུ ('bras bu, fruit) with (OC *bonʔ, *bons, “millet, cooked rice”) on the basis of the double meaning of this root (“rice, fruit”), however it's possible that the latter shares a common source with Proto-Mon-Khmer *puuŋ (cooked rice). Chinese (OC *miːʔ, “uncooked rice”) likely comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma-j ~ mej (rice, paddy).

According to Schuessler (2007), Mizo ṭai (species of rice) may be a cognate along with Mizo rah (fruit), although Sagart (2002) associates it with Tibetan ཁྲེ (khre, millet), which possibly comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (millet, rice).

Noun

*b-ras

  1. rice
  2. fruit
  3. round object

Descendants

  • Old Chinese: /*rˤat-s/, /*rˤat/, /*rat-s/ (B-S), /*mraːds/, /*mrads/, /*mraːd/ (ZS) (grain); /*C.bˁre-s/ (B-S), /*breːs/ (ZS) (polished rice)
    • Middle Chinese: /liᴇiH/; /bˠɛH/
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Japanese:  (れい, らつ, ​rei, ratsu)
Korean: , (, ryeo, yeo)
Vietnamese: lệ ()

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Japanese:  (, ​be)
Korean:  (, pae)
Vietnamese: bại ()

      • Mandarin:
        • Beijing: () /li⁵¹/; (bài) /paɪ̯⁵¹/
      • Cantonese:
        • Guangzhou-Hong Kong: /lɐi̯²²/; /pɑːi̯²², pʰei̯²¹, pɐi̯²²/
    • Min:
      • Coastal Min:
        • Min Nan:
          • Xiamen: /pʰue²²/
  • Kuki-Chin:
    /*raʔ/ (VanBik, 2009)
    • Central Chin
      • Mizo: rah (fruit, berry)
  • Sal
    • Bodo-Garo
      • Bodo: bere (bear fruit)
  • Himalayish
  • Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
    • Lolo-Burmese
      • Burmish


See also