Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želězo
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Likely of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, related to Lithuanian geležìs, Latvian dzèlzs and Old Prussian gelso, with no clear cognates in other Indo-European branches. The discrepancy of root vocalism between Slavic and Baltic is problematic and requires two different Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstructions, with short -*e- and long -*ē-. Thus, no common form can be reconstructed. Latvian and Old Prussian have syncopated the suffixal -e-.
Has been compared with Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “ore, copper, bronze”), but the connection cannot be established in terms of regular phonetic correspondences. However, both could be independent loanwords from a common eastern source, whence also possibly Hittite ((ḫ)apalki, “iron”). Possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qhleks (“(cast) iron”), though the direction and exact details of the borrowing are obscure.
Semantically also close to Latin galēna (“lead sulphide (mineral)”), Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”),[1] possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”).
Noun
Alternative forms
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *želě̀zo | *želě̀zě | *želě̀za |
| genitive | *želě̀za | *želě̀zu | *želě̀zъ |
| dative | *želě̀zu | *želě̀zoma | *želě̀zomъ |
| accusative | *želě̀zo | *želě̀zě | *želě̀za |
| instrumental | *želě̀zъmь, *želě̀zomь* | *želě̀zoma | *želě̀zȳ |
| locative | *želě̀zě | *želě̀zu | *želě̀zě̄xъ |
| vocative | *želě̀zo | *želě̀zě | *želě̀za |
Derived terms
- *želězьnъ (“irony”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- “geležis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “железо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 379
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “желязо”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 534
- Oleg Trubachev (1957) “Славянские этимологии 1–7”, in Вопросы славянского языкознания, number 2, Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, page 31
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γαλήνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 257
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*želě̀zo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 555
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “želězo, G. želěza”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 73, 155; PR 132)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “želẹ́zo”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*želě̋zo”