Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьca

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *-ьka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-i-keh₂.

Suffix

*-ьca ?

  1. Denominal, forms diminutives.
    *myšь (“mouse”) → *myšьca (“a small mouse; muscle”)
    *vьrvь (“rope”) → *vьrvьca (“cord, string”)
  2. Deverbal (from the stem), forms agent nouns.
    *ubiti (“to kill”) → *ubьjьca (“killer”)
    *ědti > *ěsti (“to eat”) → *ědьca (“eater”)
  3. Structural formant, without a base noun to synchronically derive from.
    *ovьca (“sheep”)

Declension

Declension of *-ьca (soft a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ьca *-ьci *-ьcę̇
genitive *-ьcę̇ *-ьcu *-ьcь
dative *-ьci *-ьcama *-ьcamъ
accusative *-ьcǫ *-ьci *-ьcę̇
instrumental *-ьcejǫ, *-ьcǫ** *-ьcama *-ьcami
locative *-ьci *-ьcu *-ьcasъ, *-ьcaxъ*
vocative *-ьce *-ьci *-ьcę̇
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьca

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ьца (-ĭca)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ce
    • Old Polish: -ca
    • Slovak: -ca
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: -ca
      • Upper Sorbian: -ca
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: -ca
      • Slovincian: -ca


Further reading

  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
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