Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-išče

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

  • (West Slavic, partially Belarusian and Ukrainian): *-isko.
  • (with -ov- formant, taken from u-stems, and influenced by verbs on -ovati and adjectives on -ovъ): *-ovišče.

Etymology

From earlier *isk-je. Originally it was probably used exclusively denominally for forming augmentatives, and later a semantic shift to place names occurred. E.g. *bolto (“mud”) → *boltišče (“large mud, a lot of mud”) > "there where is muddy". Deverbal formations from verbs on *-iti are a late innovation.

Suffix

*-išče n

  1. Denominal, denoting places or spaces.
    *gnojь (“manure, pus, dung”) → *gnojišče (“midden, cesspool, manure pile”)
    *ogňь (“fire”) → *ogňišče (“fireplace”)
    *sǫdъ (“judgement, trial”) → *sǫdišče (“court”)
    *lovъ (“hunting, hunt”) → *lovišče (“hunting area/ground”)
  2. Denominal, forming augmentatives, denoting increase or growth of quality.
    *dvorъ (“court, courtyard”) → *dvorišče (“yard”)
    *tъrgъ (“commodity, wares; market”) → *tъržišče (“market, fairground”)
  3. Denominal, forming emotionally colored nouns, mostly augmentatives (usually with pejorative connotation), rarely diminutives.
    *baba (“old woman”) → *babišče (“hag”)
    *čudo (“wonder”) → *čudovišče (“monster”)
  4. Denominal, forming nouns denoting a handle of a tool.
    *kosa (“scythe”) → *kosišče (“scythe handle”)
    *toporъ (“axe, hatchet”) → *toporišče (“axe handle”)

Declension

Declension of *-išče (soft o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-išče *-išči *-išča
genitive *-išča *-išču *-iščь
dative *-išču *-iščema *-iščemъ
accusative *-išče *-išči *-išča
instrumental *-iščьmь, *-iščemь* *-iščema *-išči
locative *-išči *-išču *-iščixъ
vocative *-išče *-išči *-išča
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-išče

Descendants

References

  • Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 77f
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-išče”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 95
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