Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kosa
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, scratch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kasa (“braid”) and akin to Old Prussian kexti (“braided hair”).
Noun
Declension
Declension of *kosà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kosà | *kȍsě | *kȍsy |
| genitive | *kosý | *kosù | *kòsъ |
| dative | *kosě̀ | *kosàma | *kosàmъ |
| accusative | *kȍsǫ | *kȍsě | *kȍsy |
| instrumental | *kosojǫ́ | *kosàma | *kosàmi |
| locative | *kȍsě | *kosù | *kosàsъ, *kosàxъ* |
| vocative | *koso | *kȍsě | *kȍsy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Related terms
- *česati (“to scratch (one's hair), to comb”)
- *kosmъ (“lock of hair”)
- *kozina (“fur”)
- *kosъ (“haired”) (as part of compound adjectives)
- *rusokosъ (“blond-haired”)
- *tьmьnokosъ (“dark-haired”)
- *bělokosъ (“white-haired, grizzled”)
- *čęstokosъ (“with thick hair”)
- *kosovatъ (“with bulky hair”)
Derived terms
- *kosopadъ (“hair loss”)
- *kosopasъ (“disease/infection affecting the scalp, favus”)
- *kosapъ (“knob, lump on one's scalp (result of infection or deformation)”)
- *kosatъ (“hairy, shaggy”)
- *kosakъ (“strand, tuft”)
- *kosorь
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “коса”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kosa I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 131
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “коса¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 653
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kosà I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238: “f. ā (c) ‘hair, braided hair’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kosa kosy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c braid; combed hair (NA 88, 141; SA 24; PR 138)”
Etymology 2
Either etymologically identical with *kosa (“hair”) or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-, o-grade of *ḱes- (“to cut”), via depalatalization *ḱ → *k. Possibly related to Latin cassus (“hollow, lacking”), Latin castrō (“to castrate”), Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”).
Noun
Declension
Declension of *kosà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kosà | *kòsě | *kosỳ |
| genitive | *kosỳ | *kosù | *kòsъ |
| dative | *kosě̀ | *kosàma | *kosàmъ |
| accusative | *kosǫ̀ | *kòsě | *kosỳ |
| instrumental | *kosòjǫ, *kòsǫ** | *kosàma | *kosàmī |
| locative | *kosě̀ | *kosù | *kosàsъ, *kosàxъ* |
| vocative | *koso | *kòsě | *kosỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *xudъ (“weak, meager”)
- *sъkosenъ (“cut off, shortened, amputated”)
- *kosъ (“skew, slanted”)
- *kosvenъ (“oblique, indirect”)
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “коса”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kosa II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 131
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “коса²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 655
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kosà II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 238: “f. ā (b) ‘scythe’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kosa kosy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (NA 90, 141; SA 20, 156); c (PR 138) scythe, curved blade”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kósa”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kosa̋”