Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/by

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

*by

1. second-person singular perfective aorist of *byti
2. third-person singular perfective aorist of *byti

*by^[1]

1. Introduces a clause of aim; to, so that, in order to
2. Introduces a clarifying clause; to

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: бꙑ (by)
    • Old Ruthenian: бы (by)
      • Ukrainian: (dialectal) би (by)
    • Russian: бы (by)
  • Old Novgorodian: бꙑ (by)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Latin script: bi

    Cyrillic script: би

  • Slovene: bi
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: by
    • Czech: by
  • Old Polish: by
    • Polish: by
    • Silesian: by
  • Old Slovak: by
    • Pannonian Rusyn: би (bi)
    • Slovak: (poetic) by
  • Pomeranian:
    • Kashubian: bë
    • Slovincian: bë, b
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: by
    • Upper Sorbian: by

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “by”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 48
• Králik, Ľubor (2016) “by”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 89
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “bi”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si