Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъrma
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to form, to shape”), akin to Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman, “act, effect, result”), or from *(s)ker- (“to cut”), *(s)kerH- (“to break, to section”).
Noun
- stern (controlling section of a boat)
Declension
Declension of *kъrmà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kъrmà | *kъ̑rmě | *kъ̑rmy |
| genitive | *kъrmý | *kъrmù | *kъ̃rmъ |
| dative | *kъrmě̀ | *kъrmàma | *kъrmàmъ |
| accusative | *kъ̑rmǫ | *kъ̑rmě | *kъ̑rmy |
| instrumental | *kъrmojǫ́ | *kъrmàma | *kъrmàmi |
| locative | *kъ̑rmě | *kъrmù | *kъrmàsъ, *kъrmàxъ* |
| vocative | *kъrmo | *kъ̑rmě | *kъ̑rmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
Related terms
- *černъ (“handle”) (probably)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- Romanian: cârmă
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrma I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 220
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “корма́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кърма²¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 211
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kъrma kъrmy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c agterstavn (PR 135)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “krma²”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kъrma̋”
Etymology 2
Resultant noun of *kъrmiti (“to nourish”) + *-a, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₃- (“to satiate”) (cf. Lithuanian pãšaras (“fodder”)) or *(s)kerH- (“to chop, to mince”) (cf. Latin carō (“flesh, meat”)). Possibly cognate with Old Irish cuirm (“beer”), Latin crāmum (“cream”).
Noun
Declension
Declension of *kъrma (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kъrma | *kъrmě | *kъrmy |
| genitive | *kъrmy | *kъrmu | *kъrmъ |
| dative | *kъrmě | *kъrmama | *kъrmamъ |
| accusative | *kъrmǫ | *kъrmě | *kъrmy |
| instrumental | *kъrmojǫ, *kъrmǫ** | *kъrmama | *kъrmami |
| locative | *kъrmě | *kъrmu | *kъrmasъ, *kъrmaxъ* |
| vocative | *kъrmo | *kъrmě | *kъrmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *kъrmačę (epithet for a baby)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kъrma II”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 222
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “корм”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кърма¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 211
- “šerti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kъrma II; *kъrmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “krma¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kъrma̋”