Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolda
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).
The /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.
Noun
Declension
Declension of *kòlda (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kòlda | *kòldě | *kòldy |
| genitive | *kòldy | *kòldu | *kòldъ |
| dative | *kòldě | *kòldama | *kòldamъ |
| accusative | *kòldǫ | *kòldě | *kòldy |
| instrumental | *kòldojǫ, *kòldǭ** | *kòldama | *kòldamī |
| locative | *kòldě | *kòldu | *kòldasъ, *kòldaxъ* |
| vocative | *kòldo | *kòldě | *kòldy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “коло́да”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kòlda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 228: “f. ā (a) ‘block, log’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kolda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(PR 132; RPT 107, 111)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kláda”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kőlda”