Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krasti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreh₂- (“to take, to gather”). Cognate with ye-present Latvian krât (“to gather, to heap”), Lithuanian krosnis (“oven”), Albanian krydh (“to steal, sneak”).
Daughter languages disagree on the exact accentology - South Slavic tends to have circumflex present stem and mobilility as expected from Meillet's law (similar to analogous *klasti), while Old Russian evinces for fixed acute paradigm. This is sometimes attributed to the influence of the perfective *kràdnǫti.
Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation крам impf (kram, “to lurk into (in order to steal)”), of unclear diachronic origin.
Verb
*kràsti impf (perfective *kradnǫti)[1][2][3]
Alternative forms
Conjugation
Conjugation of *krasti, *krade, *kradetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *kradenьje | *krasti | *krastъ | *kradlъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *kradenъ | *kradomъ |
| Active | *kradъ | *krady |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *krad(ox)ъ | *krade | *krade | *kradǫ | *kradeši | *kradetь |
| Dual | *krad(ox)ově | *krad(e/os)ta | *krad(e/os)te | *kradevě | *kradeta | *kradete |
| Plural | *krad(ox)omъ | *krad(e/os)te | *kradǫ, *kradošę | *krademъ | *kradete | *kradǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *kraděaxъ | *kraděaše | *kraděaše | — | *kradi | *kradi |
| Dual | *kraděaxově | *kraděašeta | *kraděašete | *kraděvě | *kraděta | — |
| Plural | *kraděaxomъ | *kraděašete | *kraděaxǫ | *kraděmъ | *kraděte | — |
Derived terms
Verbs:
- *jьzkrasti, *jьzkradati
- *okrasti, *okradati
- *pokrasti, *pokradati
- *sъkrasti, *sъkradati
- *ukrasti, *ukradati
- *zakrasti, *zakradati
Nouns:
- *kradenьje, *kradnь (“stealing, robbery”) (verbal nouns)
- *kraďa (“steal”), *kraďьba (“theft, robbery”)
- *kradežь, *kradьba (“thievery”)
- *kradьcь, *kradačь, *kradičь, *kradunъ, *kradějь (“thief”)
- *kradьlivъ (“larcenous”)
Related terms
- *kryti (“to conceal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “красть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krasti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 102
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крада”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 704
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kràsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 245: “v. ‘steal’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “krasti: kradǫ kradetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 208; PR 133)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “krad”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kra̋sti, sed. *krȃdǫ”