Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kvisti

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kweistei. Related to Latvian kvitêt (“to shimmer, to glimmer”).

  • Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-, where Proto-Indo-European *ḱw- is depalatalized to *kw- in Balto-Slavic before a back vowel but has its regular reflex św- before a front vowel, and the complex pattern of related Proto-Slavic words with *kv- and *sv- (see Related terms, below) is due to analogical changes in both directions.
  • Per Rix (LIV), there are two separate roots, Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to become bright”) and Proto-Indo-European *kweyt- (“to shine”), the latter found only in Balto-Slavic.
  • Chernykh refers to a substitution of "West-European" *k in place of *ḱ-, presumably suggesting a borrowing from a Centum language to the West of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
  • Trubachev's theory is of "secondary centumization", which appears to be essentially the same as Chernykh's.

Verb

*kvistì impf[1][2][3]

  1. to bloom, to blossom, to flower

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kvisti, *kvьte, *kvьtetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kvьtenьje *kvisti *kvistъ *kvьtlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kvьtenъ *kvьtomъ
Active *kvьtъ *kvьty
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kvьt(ox)ъ *kvьte *kvьte *kvьtǫ *kvьteši *kvьtetь
Dual *kvьt(ox)ově *kvьt(e/os)ta *kvьt(e/os)te *kvьtevě *kvьteta *kvьtete
Plural *kvьt(ox)omъ *kvьt(e/os)te *kvьtǫ, *kvьtošę *kvьtemъ *kvьtete *kvьtǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kvьtěaxъ *kvьtěaše *kvьtěaše — *kvьti *kvьti
Dual *kvьtěaxově *kvьtěašeta *kvьtěašete *kvьtěvě *kvьtěta —
Plural *kvьtěaxomъ *kvьtěašete *kvьtěaxǫ *kvьtěmъ *kvьtěte —

Descendants

Some descendants have generalised the present stem to the infinitive.

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvisti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 259: “v. (c) ‘bloom, blossom’”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kvisti: kvьtǫ kvьtetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c blomstre (PR 139)”
  3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “cvẹ̑t”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kvisti̋, sed. *kvь̏tǫ”
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