Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mirъ

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meiˀrás, from Proto-Indo-European *mey(H)-ró-s, its Baltic cognates are: Lithuanian mieras (“peace”), Latvian miêrs (“peace”), compare also Albanian mirë (“good”). There may be two Indo-European roots involved, *mey- (“to tie, strengthen”) and *meyh₁- (“soft, mild”). Root-cognates (with different suffixes) include, with the former: Ancient Greek μίτος (mítos, “warp thread”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *mitrás (literally “(that which) causes binding”) (Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 (mi-θ-r), and Sanskrit मित्र (mitra)); with the latter: Proto-Slavic *milъ (“nice, gentle, mild”), Latin mītis (“mild, calm, peaceful”).[1]

The dual meaning of "peace" and "world" is unique to Slavic, and scholarly opinion is divided on whether this is a purely semantic development (via a meaning of "pact, friendship" to "community, society" to "ecumene, inhabited world") or alternatively an early conflation of two words, with the meaning "world" derived only from the root meaning "to bind", and the meaning "peace" derived from the root meaning "gentle, mild".[2] Possibly *mirъ meaning world derives from earlier *-měrъ(great/big -> world). Compare Proto-Celtic *māros (“great”) and Proto-Germanic *mēri- (“famous”) (> Old High German māri).

Noun

*mȋrъ m[3][4]

  1. peace
  2. (East Slavic and South Slavic) world
    Synonym: *světъ

Inflection

Declension of *mȋrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *mȋrъ *mȋra *mȋri
genitive *mȋra *mirù *mĩrъ
dative *mȋru *miromà *miròmъ
accusative *mȋrъ *mȋra *mȋry
instrumental *mȋrъmь, *mȋromь* *miromà *mirý
locative *mȋrě *mirù *mirě̃xъ
vocative *mire *mȋra *mȋri
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*mirъ/*mira”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 55
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мир”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “мир”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 534

References

  1. ^ The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989.
  2. ^ O. Trubachyov ed. (1992), with literature.
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mȋrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318: “m. o (c) ‘peace, world’”
  4. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “mirъ miru / miru”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “fred; verden c (SA 25, 70, 82; PR 137; RPT 97, 102)”
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