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The term may have originally referred to frame-ploughs, invented around 1st cent. AD by the Romans. It was probably intended for plowing tougher soils, which could not be handled by simpler tools such as *ordlo and *soxa. According to Schuster-Šewc, the tool had spread from Raetia or Eastern Gallia into the Langobards and from them into the remaining Germanic and Central European people.
Declension
Declension of *plùgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
↑ 1.01.1Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 86: “PSl. *plugъ ‘plough’ (m. o-stem); AP (a)”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “plugъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 155; PR 131; RPT 97, 101)”
↑ 3.03.1Snoj, Marko (2016) “plug”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *plűgъ”
Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics), volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., pages 525, 530
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “плуг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “плуг”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 365
“plūgas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012