Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ga

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

The suffix is one of several similar suffixes, namely *-ba, *-da, which formed derivative nouns from verbal or nominal roots. When attached to nouns or adjectives, it got compounded to the primal suffix of the stem, extending it into *-ьdza for i-stem roots or -oga for o-stem roots.

Ultimately, the suffix descends from Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-, *-gʰeh₂. Encountered in Lithuanian stógas (build)[1] = Lithuanian stóti (to stand) + -gas and analogous with Proto-Germanic *-gô (e.g. *frauþaz (jumper)*fruþgô (frog)).

Suffix 1

*-ga f

  1. Deverbative, forming abstract nouns.
    Synonyms: *-ьba, *-ьda, *-tva, *-ežь
    *strujiti (to stream)*struga (wave font)
    *sluti (to be called, to utter)*sluga (servant)
    *derti (to tear)*dorga (road)
  2. Denominal, forming attributive nouns.
    *gobь (share, wealth)*gobьdzъ (fortune), *gobьdza (abundance)

Declension

Alternative forms

Derived suffixes

Suffix 2

*-gъ

  1. From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives
    Synonyms: *-bъ, *-dъ
    *dьliti (to prolong)*dьlgъ (long)
    *duti (to blow, to swell)*dužь (strong) (with yo-declension)
    *dorti (to peel, to pluck)*dorgъ (dear)

Declension

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -га (-ga)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: -га (-ga)
      Glagolitic script: -ⰳⰰ (-ga)
    • Bulgarian: -га (-ga)
    • Macedonian: -га (-ga)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: -га
      Latin script: -ga
    • Slovene: -ga
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -ha
    • Polish: -ga
    • Slovak: -ha
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: -ha
      • Lower Sorbian: -ha

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “*stogas II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429