Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-tva
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From a-extension of supine *-tъ (u-stem).[1] Or from Proto-Balto-Slavic *twāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-tu-eh₂;[2] compare Gothic -𐌸𐍅𐌰 (-þwa), -𐌸𐍅𐍉𐍃 (-þwōs) and Sanskrit -त्व (-tva), -त्वा (-tvā).
Compare also Lithuanian milžtuvė̃, Lietuvà (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?).
Suffix
*-tva f
- Deverbative, forming nouns denoting an act, state, result.
- Deverbative, forming nouns denoting a tool.
Declension
Declension of *-tva (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-tva | *-tvě | *-tvy |
| genitive | *-tvy | *-tvu | *-tvъ |
| dative | *-tvě | *-tvama | *-tvamъ |
| accusative | *-tvǫ | *-tvě | *-tvy |
| instrumental | *-tvojǫ, *-tvǫ** | *-tvama | *-tvami |
| locative | *-tvě | *-tvu | *-tvasъ, *-tvaxъ* |
| vocative | *-tvo | *-tvě | *-tvy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Alternative forms
See also
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gubitva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 166
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1988), “*litva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 15 (*lětina – *lokačь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 159
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*melztva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 96
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*meltva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 91
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jat(ъ)va”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 183
- Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “приꙗти”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1502
- Varbot Ž. Ž. (1976) “Вариантность суффиксальной структуры в однокоренных славянских именах и реконструкция праславянского лексического фонда”, in Вопросы языкознания, number 6, Moscow: Nauka, page 33
References
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gonitva”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 23
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bìtva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32: “*bʰiH-tu-eh₂”