Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьmьnica
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From substantivized *tьmьnъ (“dark”) + *-ica, from *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ.
Noun
*tьmьnica f
- dungeon (< "something dark")
Inflection
Declension of *tьmьnica (soft a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tьmьnica | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicę̇ |
| genitive | *tьmьnicę̇ | *tьmьnicu | *tьmьnicь |
| dative | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicama | *tьmьnicamъ |
| accusative | *tьmьnicǫ | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicę̇ |
| instrumental | *tьmьnicejǫ, *tьmьnicǫ** | *tьmьnicama | *tьmьnicami |
| locative | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicu | *tьmьnicasъ, *tьmьnicaxъ* |
| vocative | *tьmьnice | *tьmьnici | *tьmьnicę̇ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Other:
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “темница”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “темний”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka