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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ. Compare Irish temen (“dark”).[1]
Adjective
*tьmь̀nъ or *tь̏mьnъ[1]
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьna | *tьmьno |
| genitive | *tьmьna | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
| dative | *tьmьnu | *tьmьně | *tьmьnu |
| accusative | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьnǫ | *tьmьno |
| instrumental | *tьmьnomь | *tьmьnojǫ | *tьmьnomь |
| locative | *tьmьně | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
| vocative | *tьmьne | *tьmьno | *tьmьno |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tьmьna | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
| genitive | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu |
| dative | *tьmьnoma | *tьmьnama | *tьmьnoma |
| accusative | *tьmьna | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
| instrumental | *tьmьnoma | *tьmьnama | *tьmьnoma |
| locative | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu | *tьmьnu |
| vocative | *tьmьna | *tьmьně | *tьmьně |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tьmьni | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
| genitive | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьnъ | *tьmьnъ |
| dative | *tьmьnomъ | *tьmьnamъ | *tьmьnomъ |
| accusative | *tьmьny | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
| instrumental | *tьmьny | *tьmьnami | *tьmьny |
| locative | *tьmьněxъ | *tьmьnaxъ | *tьmьněxъ |
| vocative | *tьmьni | *tьmьny | *tьmьna |
Derived terms
- *tьmьnica (“dungeon”)
- *tьmьnota (“darkness”)
- *tьmьněti (“to darken (become)”)
- *tьmьniti (“to darken (make)”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тёмный”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “тьма”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 276
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tьmьnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 505: “adj. o (b/c) ‘dark’”