Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trava
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *trāˀwā́ˀ, of uncertain origin, with no analogues outside of Slavic. Apparently related to Proto-Slavic *traviti (“to chew, to gnaw, to poison”), however, not certain in what manner.
Possibly from the same root as Proto-Slavic *tryti (“to rub, to crush”), Proto-Slavic *truti (“to consume, to poison”), which are believed to continue Proto-Indo-European *trewH-. For similar vṛddhi-like construction, compare Proto-Slavic *slava (“fame”) from Proto-Slavic *sluti (“to utter”). If correct, then likely akin to Ancient Greek τρῡ́ω (trū́ō, “to exhaust”), Ancient Greek τραῦμα (traûma, “wound, damage”), Ancient Greek τρώγω (trṓgō, “to chew, to gnaw”), and Proto-Germanic *þrēaną (“to twist, to throw”).
See *traviti for further discussion.
Noun
Alternative forms
- *trěva (e-grade)
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *trāvà | *trãvě | *trāvỳ |
| genitive | *trāvỳ | *trāvù | *trãvъ |
| dative | *trāvě̀ | *trāvàma | *trāvàmъ |
| accusative | *trāvǫ̀ | *trãvě | *trāvỳ |
| instrumental | *trāvòjǫ, *trãvǫ** | *trāvàma | *trāvàmī |
| locative | *trāvě̀ | *trāvù | *trāvàsъ, *trāvàxъ* |
| vocative | *travo | *trãvě | *trāvỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “трава”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*trāvà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496: “f. ā (b) 'grass'”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “trava travy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 156; PR 135)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “tráva”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*trava̋”