Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triū̃sas (“work, effort, pains”), Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).
Reconstruction notes
There are reasons for the reconstruction of the accent paradigm c: Old East Slavic бє́з трꙋда (béz truda), по́ трꙋдѣ єго (pó trudě jego) ↔ accent paradigm b: троуда́ (trudá), троудоу̑ (trudȗ), троудо́мъ (trudómŭ), троудѣ̑ (trudě̑).
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *trũdъ | *trūdà | *trūdì |
| genitive | *trūdà | *trūdù | *trũdъ |
| dative | *trūdù | *trūdòma | *trūdòmъ |
| accusative | *trũdъ | *trūdà | *trūdỳ |
| instrumental | *trūdъ̀mь, *trūdòmь* | *trūdòma | *trũdy |
| locative | *trūdě̀ | *trūdù | *trũděxъ |
| vocative | *trude | *trūdà | *trūdì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *truditi (“to toil, to do hard work”)
- *trudьnъ (“difficult, laborious”)
- *trudьnostь (“burden, hardship”)
- *trudovъ (“work-/labour-related”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “труд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*trudъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 498: “m. o (b/c) ‘labour, trouble’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “trudъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (PR 134); b/d (RPT 97, 102) besvær, arbejde”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “trud”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *trȗdъ”