Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xlěbъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Borrowed from a Germanic language, probably Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs) (Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz) which has the root final 𐍆 (f) (phonetically probably ) in the nominative, vocative, and accusative singular and 𐌱 (b) (phonetically probably ) in the oblique case forms. The fricative was replaced by the labial stop *b since Proto-Slavic did not have labial fricatives. Alternatively it may be from Old High German hleib.
Noun
*xlě̀bъ m
Declension
Declension of *xlě̀bъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xlě̀bъ | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀bi |
| genitive | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀bu | *xlě̀bъ |
| dative | *xlě̀bu | *xlě̀boma | *xlě̀bomъ |
| accusative | *xlě̀bъ | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀by |
| instrumental | *xlě̀bъmь, *xlě̀bomь* | *xlě̀boma | *xlě̀bȳ |
| locative | *xlě̀bě | *xlě̀bu | *xlě̀bě̄xъ |
| vocative | *xlě̀be | *xlě̀ba | *xlě̀bi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Usage notes
Scholars do not agree whether *xlě̀bъ originally referred to leavened or unleavened bread.
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: hlẹ̑b, hlȅb (“loaf”) (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
References
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xlěbъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 27
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 83f
- Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského, volume 4, page 219
- Kiparsky, V. (1934), Die gemeinslavischen Lehnwörter aus dem Germanischen, Helsinki, p. 199