хлѣбе

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Old Novgorodian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xlě̀bъ, borrowed from Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs), from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz. First attested in c. 1100‒1120. Cognate with Old East Slavic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), Old Ruthenian хлѣбъ (xlěb), Russian хлеб (xleb), Old Church Slavonic хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ), Polish chleb.

Pronunciation

  • Hyphenation: хлѣ‧бе

Noun

хлѣбе • (xlěbe) m[1]

  1. bread
    • c. 1160‒1180, Kovalev, Roman K., transl., Берестяная грамота № 731 [Birchbark letter no. 731]‎, Novgorod:
      … а кодь ти мнѣ хльбь тꙋ и тобѣ
      … a kodĭ ti mně xlĭbĭ tu i tobě
      And where there is bread for me, there is also for you.
    • c. 1180‒1200, Берестяная грамота № 983 [Birchbark letter no. 983]‎, Novgorod:
      … а [х]льбь мои ⁞ а мьдуо …
      … a [x]lĭbĭ moi ⁞ a mĭdu …
      … and my bread. And honey…
  2. grain
    • c. 1100‒1120, Schaeken, Jos (2019) Voices on Birchbark (SSGL; 43)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, transl., Берестяная грамота № 424 [Birchbark letter no. 424]‎, Novgorod:
      … продавъше дворъ идите же сѣмо смольньску ли кꙑевоу ли : дешеве ти хлебе : али не идете а присъте ми грамотичу сторови ли есте
      … prodavŭše dvorŭ idite že sěmo smolĭnĭsku li kyjevu li : deševe ti xlebe : ali ne idete a prisŭte mi gramotiću storovi li este
      After selling the farm, come (plural) here, either to Smolensk or to Kiev. Grain is cheap. If you don't come, send me a note (saying) whether you are well.
    • c. 1360‒1380, Берестяная грамота № 697 [Birchbark letter no. 697]‎, Novgorod:
      … · а еще мене ꙁаꙁва(лъ) ---родъ · а рка · такъ ꙁа тобою · хлѣбъ мои · и жи(во)тъ · вѣсь …
      … · a eśće mene zazva(lŭ) ---rodŭ · a rka · takŭ za toboju · xlěbŭ moi · i ži(vo)tŭ · věsĭ …
      And he also called me …, saying: “My grain and all my property are yours.”
    • c. 1410‒1420, Берестяная грамота № 19 [Birchbark letter no. 19]‎, Novgorod:
      … а судъно ѥсть у мене а хлѣб[ѣ] сухѣи су и тъ саме ѿпраꙁновавъ да поѥдь сѣмъ а хлѣбе ꙁдѣсе в …
      … a sudŭno jestĭ u mene a xlěb[jě] suxěi su i tŭ same otŭpraznovavŭ da pojedĭ sěmŭ a xlěbe zděse v …
      And I have a vessel and dry grain, and you yourself, remembering, come here. And the grain is here …
    • c. 1420‒1430, Берестяная грамота № 352 [Birchbark letter no. 352]‎, Novgorod:
      … · гн҃е хлѣбо велѣло … (пу)стошомо · іно тото хлѣбо гн҃е · крѣстьꙗне перемо(лотили) …
      … · gn:e xlěbo velělo … (pu)stošomo · ino toto xlěbo gn:e · krěstĭjane peremo(lotili) …
      The grain, sir, which you ordered , that grain, sir, the peasants threshed …

References

  1. ^ Zaliznyak, Andrey (2004) Древненовгородский диалект [Old Novgorod dialect]‎ (in Russian), 2nd edition, Moscow: Languages of Slavic Cultures, →ISBN, page 814

Further reading

  • “хлѣбе”, in Берестяные грамоты – Национальный корпус русского языка [Birchbark Letters – Russian National Corpus], https://ruscorpora.ru/, 2003–2024
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