Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xoměstorъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain:
- Borrowed from Old Iranian[1] or Scythian *hamaistar-,[2] from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meyt- (“to throw”).[3] Related to Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬭- (hamaēstar-, “who throws down; enemy”). For the meaning, compare Shor ырлақ (yrlak, “hamster”): ыр- (yr-, “to be hostile”).[4]
- From a compound *xomě-storъ:
- Per Berneker,[5] *-storъ is related to Lithuanian stãras (“suslik”).
- Per Brückner:[6] *xom- is onomatopoeic, *-storъ is unclear. Related to Polish skomleć (“to howl, yelp”), Church Slavonic скомати (skomati, “sigh, groan”).[7]
- Per Sławski, ESSJa: **xomě (“couple bags”) + *sterti (“to pour, sprinkle; to spread, extend, stretch out”) + *-ъ, literally “who pours (grain) into (both) bags”. Related to *skomiti (“squeeze, clench”) and *prostorъ.
- Per Chernykh:[8] if not borrowing, Old East Slavic хомѣкъ (xoměkŭ) is related to *ščemiti / *ščьmiti, *oskomina, *xomǫtъ, *komъ, Ancient Greek χαμαίστρωτος (khamaístrōtos, “stretched on the ground”).
- Compare onomatopoeic hamster name: Serbo-Croatian hŕčak < *xъrčьkъ < *xъrčati, *xъrkati, Czech křeček, Old Czech křěč, Old Polish krzeczek, skrzeczek < *krečьkъ, *krečь < *krečati, *krekati.
- Compare onomatopoeic *kem- name: *komarъ (“mosquito”), *čьmeľь (“bumblebee”).
- See also *čęstъ: Lithuanian kim̃šti (“to stuff, fill”), *žęti, *skǫpъ.
- Per Ильинскій:[9] from **xoměstati + *-orъ, from blend of **xomězati and *xomotati, from onomatopoeia. Related to Moravian chomtat (“eat greedily”), Russian ха́мкать (xámkatʹ, “to eat”).
- Per Мурьянов,[10] Slavic and German are borrowed from Latin *chomestor, variant of comestor (“glutton”).
Noun
*xoměstorъ m
Declension
Declension of *xoměstorъ (hard o-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xoměstorъ | *xoměstora | *xoměstori |
| genitive | *xoměstora | *xoměstoru | *xoměstorъ |
| dative | *xoměstoru | *xoměstoroma | *xoměstoromъ |
| accusative | *xoměstorъ | *xoměstora | *xoměstory |
| instrumental | *xoměstorъmь, *xoměstoromь* | *xoměstoroma | *xoměstory |
| locative | *xoměstorě | *xoměstoru | *xoměstorěxъ |
| vocative | *xoměstore | *xoměstora | *xoměstori |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *xoměkъ (“hamster”) (diminutive)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хомѣсторъ (xoměstorŭ), хомѣстаръ (xoměstarŭ)
- → Old Saxon: hamustra
- → Old High German: hamastra, hamustro
- Middle High German: hamster
- Old East Slavic: хомѣсторъ (xoměstorŭ), хомѣстаръ (xoměstarŭ)
- → Lithuanian: kãmas (“rat”), stãras (“suslik”) (possibly)
- → Latvian: kāmis (“hamster”) (possibly)
References
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хомя́к”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- ^ Шапошников, А. К. (2007) “Сарматские и туранские языковые реликты северного причерноморья”, in Этимология 2003‒2005, Moscow, page 269
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “smeit-, smit-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 968
- ^ Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1893) “ырлаk”, in Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte, volume I (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1372
- ^ Berneker, Erich (1908–1913) “choměstorъ”, in Slavisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung, page 395
- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “chomik”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
- ^ Franz Miklosich (1862–1865) “скомати”, in Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-Graeco-Latinum emendatum auctum, Vienna: Guilelmus Braumueller, page 846
- ^ Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “хомя́к”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 350
- ^ Ильинскій, Г. А. (1912) “Суффиксъ oz/ez/ъ въ славянскихъ языкахъ”, in Извѣстія Отдѣленія русскаго языка и словесности Императорской Академіи Наукъ, volume 16:4, Санктпетербургъ: Типографія Императорской Академіи Наукъ, page 6
- ^ Мурьянов, М. Ф. (1985) “К интерпретации др.-рус. хомѣсторъ”, in Этимология 1983, Moscow, page 105
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xoměstorъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
- Рахилина, Е. В. (1998) “6. Семантическая доминанта глагола сидеть”, in Семантика русских "позиционных" предикатов: стоять, лежать, сидеть и висеть, number 6, Москва: Наука, page 75