Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/īŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*ï̄ŕ

Etymology

From *id- (“to walk”) +‎ *-ŕ.

Noun

*īŕ

trace

Declension

Declension of *īŕ
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*īŕ
accusative	īŕig, īŕni¹⁾
genitive	*īŕniŋ
dative	*īŕke
locative	*īŕte
ablative	*īŕten
allative	*īŕgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*īŕin
equative ²⁾	*īŕče
similative ²⁾	*īŕleyü
comitative ²⁾	*īŕligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*īŕ-an (“furrow”)
*īŕ-te- (“to seek”)
*īŕ-le- (“to watch”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: йӑр (jăr)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: iz
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: iz
    - Gagauz: yiz
- Turkmen: yz (y:z)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: (iz)
  - Uzbek: iz
  - Uyghur: ئىز (iz)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: эҙ (eź)
  - Tatar: эз (ez)
- East Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: iz
  - Kumyk: гьыз (hız)
  - Karachay-Balkar: (ız)
  - Karaim: (ız)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: iz
    - Kazakh: із (ız)
    - Nogai: (iz)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: из (iz)
    - Southern Altai: ис (is)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: (iz)
  - Western Yugur: is
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: ис (is)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: