Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/badram

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Several etymologies are proposed. Most likely an Iranic borrowing, but no consensus on the origin;

  • Clauson states that this term is "no doubt an Iranian " and gives Persian پدرام (padrâm, “delightsome place”) as an example for that relation. He also mentions how Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk claims this word to be a genuine word ('not a loanword') with the meaning yawma'l-ˁīd among Oghuz and Kipchaks.[1] Compare also Karakhanid بَذْرَمْ یار (baδram yḗr, “pleasant ground”), a Karakhanid form with Persian meaning preserved, also given by Clauson.
    • Sevortyan argues against Clauson on a Middle Persian loan into Proto-Turkic.[2]
  • EDAL puts forth that the Proto-Turkic form is *bayram instead and that it comes from a hypothetical Proto-Turkic *bay-ra- ("to celebrate"), which is not related to *badrak (“flag”). Authors of EDAL denounce a possibility of Iranian borrowing, stating "the only acceptable etymology of bajram is Turkic". This hypothetical *bay-ra- is then compared to Proto-Mongolic *bayar (“joy”), Manchu ᠪᠠᠶᠯᡳ (bayli, “favor, mercy”) and Proto-Japonic *bema- (“to smile”), whence Japanese 笑む (emu-, “to smile”). Altaic Hypothesis is widely rejected however, and comparisons like these are deemed unreliable.

Lack of Oghur and Arghu reflexes and sparse atttestation in Siberian languages suggest a borrowing from an external source.

Noun

*badram

  1. (Common Turkic) feast, merriment
  2. (Common Turkic) holiday

Descendants

References

  1. ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 176
  2. ^ Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow, 1974–, pages 32-34
  3. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ptrʾm”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 314
  4. ^ Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎, Utrecht: LOT, page 279
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “badram”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 308
  • Eren, Hasan (1999) “bayram”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 45
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “bayram”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 54
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bajram/k”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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