Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *köz (per Räsänen)
• *kȫz (per Sevortyan, Gerald Clauson)
• *kör-s(i) (per EDAL, Fedotov (1996))

Reconstruction of the final palatalized rhotic (*ŕ) depends on whether Chuvash form is genuine or a Tatar borrowing.

Possibly an anthimeric (zero derivation) form of *kör- (“to see”).

There is no consensus on the origin of the Chuvash куҫ (kuś), which is integral in part of determining the antiquity of the Proto-Turkic root. EDAL, Sevortyan, Yegorov and Fedotov suppose that Chuvash form indeed goes back to Proto-Turkic stage, but each with different reconstructions and methods. Eren (1982), in his remarks on Yegorov's work, disagree that Chuvash form may come from Proto-Turkic but Tatar.

Nişanyan comments on the dubiousness of this root being derived from *kör-.

Altaicists assume *köŕ ~ *körs and compare this reconstruction (along with *kör- (“to see”), which is also assumed to be from the same root) with Khalkha Mongolian горьдлого (gorʹdlogo, “hope”), Proto-Tungusic (“to look out, to appear”) and Korean 그립다 (geuripda, “to miss, to long for”). However, Altaic hypothesis and comparisons are severely criticized by mainstream consensus.

Siberian languages at large have adopted *karak (“eye, pupil”), replacing the original *köz.

*köŕ

1. eye

   Synonym: *karak

2. sight

   Synonyms: *körüĺ, *yïntïg

• >? Oghur: *köŕ
  • >? Old Chuvash: *kur(s/či)^[1]
    • >? Middle Chuvash: *kur(śĕ)^[2]
      • >? Chuvash: куҫ (kuś)
        • ⇒ Chuvash: куҫлӗх (kuślĕh, “glasses, mirror”)
    • >? Middle Chuvash: *kü(r)ś
      • >? Chuvash: *kĕś
        • ⇒? Chuvash: куҫкӗски (kuśkĕski, “mirror”) (< куҫ (kuś) + *kĕś + *-gü)^[3] (if not from Tatar көзге (közge) or Bashkir көҙгө (köźgö) instead)
• Common Turkic: *köz

• Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, pages 172, 181, 206-7, 222
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kö:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 756
• Eren, Hasan (1982) “Remarks on V. G. Egorov's Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language”, in Studies in Chuvash Etymology I, page 38
• Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “куҫ I/коҫ I”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, pages 314-315
• The template Template:R:TMN does not use the parameter(s):

  1=كوزكی

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 637-639
• Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “куҫ I”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 120
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “göz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• The template Template:R:trk:Rasanen does not use the parameter(s):

  1=köz

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 295
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) “гөз”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, pages 60-63
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*göŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 209
• Tietze, Andreas (2002, 2009) “göz”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume 3, Istanbul, Vienna, pages 273-274