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Likely an ancient Wanderwort believed to have spread from an unknown source to Turkic, Sino-Tibetan and Austroasiatic languages[1].
According to several sources, ultimately of Chinese origin, most likely Early Middle Chinese金(kˠiɪm), possibly from an unattested Chinese nominal compound *金鐐 (kˠiɪmleu)[2][3][4].[5] However, this hypothetic compound would yield Proto-Turkic *kemle or *kümlü rather than *kümül, which prompts Antonov and Jacques (2011) to reject this hypothesis [1] and instead connect the word to Proto-Palaungic*kmuul, modern Khmu(kmuːl). They also connect it to a large number of cognates in Sino-Tibetan languages, such as Tibetanདངུལ(dngul)[1]. The direction of the borrowing is unclear, as "the etymon for ‘silver’ is not derivable in a straightforward manner from any known verbal or nominal root in either Turkic, Sino-Tibetan or Austroasiatic"[1].
An internal Turkic etymology featuring a nominal derivation from Proto-Turkic *kün(“day, sun”) with a subsequent shift of the intevocalic /n/ to /m/ has been proposed too[6]; compare the semantic extension in Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm(“silver”), derived from *h₂erǵ-(“white; glittering”), although Antonov and Jacques find such a derivation improbable on semantic grounds[1].
1) Originally only in pronominal declension. 2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages. 3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
↑ 1.01.11.21.31.4Antonov, A. & Jacques, G., 2011. Turkic kümüš 'silver' and the lambdaism vs sigmatism debate.
^ Joki, Aulis J. 1952. Die Lehnworter des Sajan-Samojedischen. nº 103 Dans Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seur, page 2010
^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 308b
^ Cincius, V. I. & Bugaeva T. G. 1979. K etimologii nazvanij metallov i ix splavov v altajskix jazykax. Issledovanija v oblasti etimologii altajskix jazykov. Leningrad:Nauka.
^ Dybo, A. V. 2007. Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond: pratjurkskij period. RAN, Institut jazykoznanija, Moskva
^ Rybatzki, Volker 1994. Bemerkungen zur turkischen und mongolischen Metallterminologie. Dans Studia Orientalia. vol. 73, pages 193–251