Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kï̄ŕ-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Karakhanid and Turkmen point short vowel.

*kï̄ŕ-

1. (intransitive) to be hot, glow, redden

• *kïŕ-ïl (“red”) (with secondary shortening)
• *kï̄ŕ-gur-
• *kï̄ŕ-ït-
  • *kï̄ŕ-t-ur-
• *kï̄ŕ-ïl-
• *kï̄ŕ-ïĺ-
• *kï̄ŕ-gu

• *kïŕ (“?red, hot”) (reconstructed based on the attested derivatives, see below)
  • *kïŕ-a-r- (“to become red”)

• Medieval:
  • Karakhanid: قِزْماقْ (qïzmāq)
  • Kipchak: (qïz-)
• Bulghar:
  • Chuvash: хӗрме (hĕrme)
• Karluk:
  • Chagatai: (qïzmaq)
    • Uyghur: قىزىماق (qizimaq)
    • Uzbek: qizimoq
• Kipchak:
  • Aral:
    • Kazakh: қызу (qyzu)
  • Eastern:
    • Kyrgyz: кызуу (kızuu)
    • Southern Altai: кызыыр (kïzïïr)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡыҙыу (qıźıw)
    • Tatar: кызу (qızu)
• Oghuz:
  • Azerbaijani: qızmaq
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: (qïz-)
    • Ottoman Turkish: قیزمق (qïzmaq)
      • Turkish: kızmak
  • Turkmen: gyzmak
• Siberian:
  • Tuvan: кызар (kızar)
  • Yakut: кыыс (kııs)

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kız-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 681
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨ̄ŕ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill