Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/sarïmsak

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Initially held to be derived from sarım ("winding"), which was later found phonetically and morphologically problematic. Another theory conceptualizes it after its yellowish-white root as a sarımsı (“yellowish, whitish” < sarı "yellow", from Proto-Turkic *sāryg (“yellow”), derived from the root *siar(ï)- originally preserving the primary meaning ‘white’ in Chuvash as шурӑ {šură}.

Alternatively borrowed from Iranian, with the argument of the absence in Chuvash and Siberian Turkic. Found in Persian سیرمو (sirmu), سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese (sarme), (sarmā, “an eaten bulb of uncertain identification”), doubtfully further connected to Proto-Slavic *čermъša (“ramsons”), Lithuanian kermùšė (“ramsons”), Ancient Greek κρόμμυον (krómmuon), Proto-West Germanic *hramusō (“ramson”), Old Irish crem (“ramson”) (Irish creamh). The suffix -sak (compare: -cik) of the Turkic word is depicted by Khwarezmian (-cyk), Sogdian (-cyq) that form the nisba adjective and noun. This suffix is recently held to be derived from the native form s(ı) + Old Turkic participle suffix ak or ç + diminutive suffix ak.
Hungarian sárma, meaning Ornithogalum species, which is of the same botanical order as garlic, is either an Alanic or a Turkic borrowing, observing also that in Turkic words which otherwise denote the garlic are used for Ornithogalum.

Noun

*sarïmsak

  1. garlic

Declension

Declension of *sarïmsak
Singular 3)
Nominative *sarïmsak
Accusative *sarïmsakïg, *sarïmsaknï1)
Genitive *sarïmsaknïŋ
Dative *sarïmsakka
Locative *sarïmsakda
Ablative *sarïmsakdan
Allative *sarïmsakgaru
Instrumental 2) *sarïmsakïn
Equative 2) *sarïmsakča
Similative 2) *sarïmsaklayu
Comitative 2) *sarïmsaklïgu
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

References

  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 853
  • Stachowski, Marek (2019) “sarımsak ~ sarmısak”, in Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch der türkischen Sprache (in German), Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, →DOI, page 294
  • Tatár, Maria Magdolna (2002) “A Eurasian Etymology: sarmysak < *k'irmus(V)/kermus(V)/karmus(V) 'Garlic'”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae‎, volume 55, number 1/3, Akadémiai Kiadó, →DOI, pages 237–251
  • Teres, Ersin (2011) “derivational suffixes in Chinese Tatar”, in Türkiyat Mecmuası‎, regarding +şak / +şek endings.
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