Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tüg-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tüg-

(transitive) to tie, knot

Conjugation

Conjugation of *tüg- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive

infinitive			*tügmek
participle	present		*tüggen, tügügme, tüger
	past		*tügdük, tügmiš
	future		*tügdeči, tügmekči, tügsik, tügeček
verbal noun			*tügme, tügüg, tüggü
way of doing			*tügüš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*tüger ben	*tüger sen	*tüger	*tüger biz	*tüger siz	*tüger
	past	simple	*tügdüm	*tügdüŋ	*tügdi	*tügdük, tügdümüz	*tügdüŋüz	*tügdi
	past	inferential	*tügmiš ben	*tügmiš sen	*tügmiš	*tügmiš biz	*tügmiš siz	*tügmiš
	future	simple	*tügdeči ben, tügmekči ben, tügeček ben	*tügdeči sen, tügmekči sen, tügeček sen	*tügdeči, tügmekči, tügeček	*tügdeči biz, tügmekči biz, tügeček biz	*tügdeči siz, tügmekči siz, tügeček siz	*tügdeči, tügmekči, tügeček
		predictive	*tüggey ben	*tüggey sen	*tüggey	*tüggey biz	*tüggey siz	*tüggey
		necessitive	*tügsüküm	*tügsüküŋ	*tügsük	*tügsükümüz	*tügsüküŋüz	*tügsük
conditional			*tügsem, tügser ben	*tügseŋ, tügser sen	*tügse, tügser	*tügsek, tügsemiz, tügser biz	*tügseŋiz, tügser siz	*tügseler, tügser
optative			*tüggey ben	*tüggey sen	*tüggey	*tüggey biz	*tüggey siz	*tüggey
progressive			*tügmekde ben	*tügmekde sen	*tügmekde	*tügmekde biz	*tügmekde siz	*tügmekde
necessitative			*tügmelig ben	*tügmelig sen	*tügmelig	*tügmelig biz	*tügmelig siz	*tügmelig
imperative			*tügeyin	*tüg, tüggil	*tügzün	*tügelim	*tügüŋ	*tügzün

Negative

infinitive			*tügmemek
participle	present		*tügmegen, tügmegme, tügmez
	past		*tügmedük, tügmemiš
	future		*tügmeči, tügmesik, tügmeyeček
verbal noun			*tügmeme, tügmeg, tügmegü
way of doing			*tügmeyüš
			singular			plural
			1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*tügmez ben	*tügmez sen	*tügmez	*tügmez biz	*tügmez siz	*tügmez
	past	simple	*tügmedüm	*tügmedüŋ	*tügmedi	*tügmedük, tügmedümüz	*tügmedüŋüz	*tügmedi
	past	inferential	*tügmemiš ben	*tügmemiš sen	*tügmemiš	*tügmemiš biz	*tügmemiš siz	*tügmemiš
	future	simple	*tügmeči ben, tügmeyeček ben	*tügmeči sen, tügmeyeček sen	*tügmeči, tügmeyeček	*tügmeči biz, tügmeyeček biz	*tügmeči siz, tügmeyeček siz	*tügmeči, tügmeyeček
		predictive	*tügmegey ben	*tügmegey sen	*tügmegey	*tügmegey biz	*tügmegey siz	*tügmegey
		necessitive	*tügmesüküm	*tügmesüküŋ	*tügmesük	*tügmesükümüz	*tügmesüküŋüz	*tügmesük
conditional			*tügmesem, tügmeser ben	*tügmeseŋ, tügmeser sen	*tügmese, tügmeser	*tügmesek, tügmesemiz, tügmeser biz	*tügmeseŋiz, tügmeser siz	*tügmeseler, tügmeser
optative			*tügmegey ben	*tügmegey sen	*tügmegey	*tügmegey biz	*tügmegey siz	*tügmegey
progressive			*tügmemekde ben	*tügmemekde sen	*tügmemekde	*tügmemekde biz	*tügmemekde siz	*tügmemekde
necessitative			*tügmemelig ben	*tügmemelig sen	*tügmemelig	*tügmemelig biz	*tügmemelig siz	*tügmemelig
imperative			*tügmeyeyin	*tügme, tügmegil	*tügmezün	*tügmeyelim	*tügmeyiŋ	*tügmezün

Derived terms

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tüg-me (“button”)
⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tüg-ün (“knot”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- ⇒? Chuvash: тӳле (tüle)
Common Turkic: *tüg-

Proto-Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: düymək
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: düğmek
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: düwmek
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: (tügmēk)
  - Uyghur: (tügmek)
  - Uzbek: tugmoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: төйөу (töyöw)
- West Kipchak:
  - Karachay-Balkar: тюйюрге (tüyürge)
  - Kumyk: тюймек (tüymek)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: tüyüw
  - Kazakh: түю (tüü)
  - Nogai: туьймек (tüymek)
- East Kipchak
  - Southern Altai: тӱйер (tüyer), тӱӱр (tüür)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰏 (tüg-)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: дүғер (düğer)
    - Tuvan: дүйер (düyer)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tüg-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 477
Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 307
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 503
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*düg-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill