Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/teŕ-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *tergi- (“to run away, flee”), Manchu (čir, “quickly”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Although the verb form is not used much in today's Turkic languages, it is frequently used in Old Turkic inscriptions. *qač- is never mentioned in two of the three Göktürk khaganate inscriptions, but tez- is mentioned in many.^[1] *teŕ- looks more archaic.

Verb

*teŕ-

(intransitive) to run away, flee
Synonym: *kač- (“to flee”)

Derived terms

*ter-k (“speed”)
- *terk-in (“quickly”)
- *terk-le- (“to hurry”)
*tez-ig (“fast (adjective)”)
*tez-gek (“who run away (adjective)”)
*tez-gi (“panic”)
*tez-ik (“panic”)
*tez-iš-
*tez-it-
*tez-in-

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: тар (tar)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: təzmək
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: təzmək
  - Ottoman Turkish:
    - Turkish: tezmek (dialectal)
- Turkmen: tezmek, tez (“timid; not accustomed (for people); One side! Go away! (for animals)”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: تَزْماكْ (tezmēk)
  - Uyghur: تەزمەك (tezmek)
Kipchak:
- East Kipchak
  - Southern Altai: тезеер (tezeer, “to speak (fastly)”), тезер (tezer, “to run away”)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰔 (t²z /⁠tez-⁠/)
  - ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰔𐰃𐰏 (t²zig /⁠tezig⁠/)
    - Yakut: тэһии (tehii)
    - Dolgan: тэһии
  - Old Uyghur: (tez-)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: (des-)
    - Tuvan: (des-)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: (tis-)
→? Middle Persian: (tyc /⁠tēz⁠/, “quick”)
- Persian: تیز
- → Kazakh: тез (tez)
- → Kyrgyz: тез (tez)
- → Tatar: тиз (tiz)
- → Bashkir: тиҙ (tiź)
- → Uzbek: tez
- → Uyghur: تېز (tëz)
- → Crimean Tatar: tez
- → Uzbek: tez
- → Karaim: тэз
- → Old Anatolian Turkish: (tez)
  - Azerbaijani: tez
  - Ottoman Turkish: تیز (tez)
    - Turkish: tez
    - → Middle Armenian: թէզ (tʻēz)
      - Armenian: թեզ (tʻez)
- → Turkmen: tīz

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *terk
- Karakhanid: تَرْكْ (terk, “speed”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *terkin
  - Common Turkic:
    - Old Uyghur: (terkin)^[2]
    - Karakhanid: تَرْكِنْ (terkin)

References

^ Khaganate inscriptions in Türk Bitig.
^ In Turkic database.

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*tēŕ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 545
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 441
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 8

[1] Khaganate inscriptions in Türk Bitig.

[2] In Turkic database.

[1]

[2]