Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/framiþī

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *framaþiz. The reason for the change of the second-syllable vowel from *a to *i is unknown.

Adjective

*framiþī^[1]

foreign, strange

Inflection

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*framiþī
Genitive	*framiþijas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*framiþī	*framiþiju	*framiþī
Accusative	*framiþijanā	*framiþijā	*framiþī
Genitive	*framiþijas	*framiþijeʀā	*framiþijas
Dative	*framiþijumē	*framiþijeʀē	*framiþijumē
Instrumental	*framiþiju	*framiþijeʀu	*framiþiju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*framiþijē	*framiþijō	*framiþiju
Accusative	*framiþijā	*framiþijā	*framiþiju
Genitive	*framiþijeʀō	*framiþijeʀō	*framiþijeʀō
Dative	framiþijēm, framiþijum	framiþijēm, framiþijum	framiþijēm, framiþijum
Instrumental	framiþijēm, framiþijum	framiþijēm, framiþijum	framiþijēm, framiþijum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: fremde, fremede, fremeþe
- Middle English: fremde, fremede, fremed, fremmed, frempt, fremmid, fremmede, freomede, ffremyd, fremd
  - English: fremd (rare, chiefly dialectal)
  - Scots: fremmit, fremd, frempt, frem
Old Frisian: framede, framde, fromede, fromde
- Saterland Frisian: froamd
- West Frisian: frjemd, freamd
Old Saxon: fremithi, fremidi
- Middle Low German: vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde
  - German Low German: frömd
  - Plautdietsch: framd
  - → Old Norse: framandi
    - Icelandic: framandi
    - Faroese: fremmandur
    - >? Norn: fremd (perhaps from Old or Middle English)
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: framand; (dialectal) framund
    - Swedish: främmad (dated, poetic, dialectal), främmande
    - Danish: fremmed
      - Norwegian Bokmål: fremmed
    - Gutnish: främmande, främmandi
    - → Middle English: fromond
Old Dutch: fremithi
- Middle Dutch: vremt
  - Dutch: vreemd
    - Afrikaans: vreemd
    - Negerhollands: vreemd
  - Limburgish: vraemp
Old High German: fremidi
- Middle High German: vremede, vremde
  - Central Franconian: fremb
  - Cimbrian: brömade
  - German: fremd
  - Luxembourgish: friem
  - Vilamovian: fremd
  - Yiddish: פֿרעמד (fremd)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 277: “PWGmc *framiþī”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 277: “PWGmc *framiþī”

[1]