Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/haru

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *harwaz (compare Proto-Finnic *karvas, a supposed Finnic borrowing from this Proto-Germanic word), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kor-wó-s, from *(s)ker- (“to cut off”) +‎ *-wós,^[1]^[2] or perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hazwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₃-s-wó-s, from *ḱeh₃- (“to sharpen”) +‎ *-s- +‎ *-wós.^[3]

Adjective

*haru

sharp
bitter

Inflection

wa-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*haru
Genitive	*harwas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*haru	*haru	*haru
Accusative	*harwanā	*harwā	*haru
Genitive	*harwas	*harweʀā	*harwas
Dative	*harumē	*harweʀē	*harumē
Instrumental	*haru	*harweʀu	*haru
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*harwē	*harwō	*haru
Accusative	*harwā	*harwā	*haru
Genitive	*harweʀō	*harweʀō	*harweʀō
Dative	harwēm, harum	harwēm, harum	harwēm, harum
Instrumental	harwēm, harum	harwēm, harum	harwēm, harum

Alternative reconstructions

*haʀu^[3]

Derived terms

*harwijan

*harwōn

Descendants

⇒ Old Frisian: *harich
- West Frisian: harrich, harig, harch
Old Saxon: *haro
- Middle Low German: *harwe, herwe
Old Dutch: *haro
- Middle Dutch: hāre
  - Dutch: haar (dialectal)
Old High German: *haro
- Middle High German: harewe, harbe, herwe, herbe, hare, har, here, her, herb
  - German: herb
⇒ Old High German: herling

References

^ de Vaan, Michiel (2020) “haar”, in Digitale Etymologieën: Toevoegingen bij het Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands‎, page 40
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*harwa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 91

[1] Vaan, Michiel (2020) “haar”, in Digitale Etymologieën: Toevoegingen bij het Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands‎, page 40

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*harwa-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213

[Schrijver-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 91

[1]

[2]

[3]