Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kappōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, possibly borrowed from Vulgar Latin *cappāre (“to castrate; to cut off”), cognate with Spanish capar (“to castrate; to cut off”), and perhaps Old French coper (“to cut off”), from Latin cāpō (“castrated cockerel”).^[1]

Verb

*kappōn

to chop, cut off

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*kappōn
1st sg. past	*kappōdā
Infinitive	*kappōn
Genitive infin.	*kappōnijas
Dative infin.	*kappōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*kappōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kappō	*kappōdā
2nd singular	*kappōs	kappōdēs, kappōdōs
3rd singular	*kappōþ	kappōdē, kappōdā
1st plural	*kappōm	*kappōdum
2nd plural	*kappōþ	*kappōdud
3rd plural	*kappōnþ	*kappōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kappō	*kappōdī
2nd singular	*kappōs	*kappōdī
3rd singular	*kappō	*kappōdī
1st plural	*kappōm	*kappōdīm
2nd plural	*kappōþ	*kappōdīd
3rd plural	*kappōn	*kappōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kappō
Plural	*kappōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*kappōndī	*kappōd

Descendants

Old Frisian: *kappia
- Saterland Frisian: kapje
Old Saxon: *kappōn
- Middle Low German: kappen
  - German Low German: kappen
  - → Danish: kappe
  - → Middle High German: kappen
    - German: kappen
  - → Norwegian: kappa
  - → Scots: kapp (Shetlandic)
  - → Swedish: kapa
Old Dutch: *kappon
- Middle Dutch: cappen
  - Dutch: kappen, kabben
    - Afrikaans: kap
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
    - Negerhollands: kap, kappen
    - Skepi Creole Dutch: kap, cap
    - → Papiamentu: kap
    - → Saterland Frisian: kappe
    - → Sranan Tongo: kapu, kappe
      - → Caribbean Javanese: kapu, ngapu
  - Limburgish: kappe
Old High German: *kapfon
- Middle High German: *kapfen
  - Alemannic German: kapfen
→? Medieval Latin: cappō (“to chop wood”)

References

^ Hellquist, Elof (1922) “2. kapa”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎ (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 298

[1] Hellquist, Elof (1922) “2. kapa”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎ (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 298

[1]